See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT CARL See also:

• COUNT CARL PIPER (1647-1716)

PIPER (1647-1716)  , See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• STOCKHOLM

Stockholm on the 29th of See also:

• JULY

July 1647 . He entered the See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office after completing his academical course at See also:

• UPSALA, or UPPSALA

Upsala, accompanied See also:

• BENEDICT (BENEDICTUS)
• BENEDICT, SIR JULIUS (1804-1885)

Benedict See also:

• OXENSTJERNA

Oxenstjerna on his embassage to See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia in 1673, and attracted the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles XI. during the Scanian See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War by his extraordinary See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and ability . In 1679 he was appointed secretary to the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade and ennobled . In 1689 he was made one of the secretaries of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, and Charles XI. recommended him on his deathbed to his son and successor, Charles XII . See also:

• PIPER, CARL, COUNT (1647-1716)

Piper became the most confidential of the new See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign's ministers . In 1697 he was made a senator and set over domestic affairs while still retaining his state-secretaryship . In 1688 he was created a See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count, in 1702 appointed See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of Upsala University, and during the first See also:

• HALF

half of the See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern War, as the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of Charles's perambulating chancellery, he was practically See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister . It was his misfortune, however, to be obliged to support a See also:

• SYSTEM

system which was not his own . He belonged to the school of Benedict Oxenstjerna and was therefore an avowed See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of a pacific policy . He protested in vain against nearly all the military ventures of Charles NIL, e.g. the War of Deposition against See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony and See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland, the invasion of Saxony, the See also:

• RAID

raid into the See also:

• UKRAINE (" frontier ")

Ukraine . Again and again he insisted that the pacific overtures of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter the Great should at least be fairly considered, but his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master was always immovable . Piper's career came to an end at See also:

• POLTAVA

Poltava (1709), where he was among the prisoners .

The last years of his See also:

• LIFE

life were spent in See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile in Russia . He died at Schliisselburg on the 29th of May 1716 . See W . L . Svedelius, Count Carl Piper (Stockholm, 1869) . (R . N .