PISIDIA  , in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography, the name given to a See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor, immediately See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of See also:

• PAMPHYLIA

Pamphylia by which it was separated from the Mediterranean, while it was bounded on the N. by See also:

• PHRYGIA

Phrygia, on the E. by See also:

• LYCAONIA

Lycaonia, See also:

• ISAURIA

Isauria and See also:

• CILICIA

Cilicia, and on the W. and S.W. by See also:

• LYCIA

Lycia and a See also:

• PART

part of Phrygia . It was a rugged and mountainous See also:

• DISTRICT

district, comprising some of the loftiest portions of the See also:

• GREAT

great range of Mt See also:

• TAURUS (" the Bull ")

Taurus, together with the offshoots of the same See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain towards the central table-See also:

• LAND

land of Phry-gia . Such a region was naturally occupied from a very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period by See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild and lawless races of mountaineers, who were very imperfectly reduced to subjection by the See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers that successively established their dominion in Asia Minor . The Pisidians are not mentioned by See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus, either among the nations that were subdued by See also:

• CROESUS

Croesus, or among those that furnished contingents to the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of See also:

• XERXES (the Greek form of the Pers. Khshayarsha; Old Testament Ahasverus, Akhashverosh—i.e. Ahasuerus (q.v.)—with wrong vocalization and substitution of y for v, instead of Akhshavarsh; in Aramaic inscriptions and papyri from Egypt the name is written Khs

Xerxes, and the first mention of them in See also:

• HISTORY

history occurs in the See also:

• ANABASIS

Anabasis of See also:

• XENOPHON

Xenophon, when they furnished a pretext to the younger See also:

• CYRUS
• CYRUS (Gr. KDpos; Pers. Kuru-sh; Babyl. Kurash; Hebr. Koresh)

Cyrus for levying the army with which he designed to subvert his See also:

• BROTHER

brother's See also:

• THRONE

throne, while he pretended only to put down the Pisidians who were continually harassing the neighbouring nations by their lawless forays (Anab. i . 1, 11; ii . 1, 4, &c.) . They are afterwards mentioned frequently by later writers among the inland nations of Asia Minor, and assume a more prominent part in the history of See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander the Great, to whose See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march through their country they opposed a deter-See also:

• MINED

mined resistance . In See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo's See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time they had passed under the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman dominion, though still governed by their own See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty chiefs and retaining to a considerable extent their predatory habits (giving rise to such See also:

• WARS

wars as that carried on by Quirinius, about 8–6 B.C.) . The boundaries of Pisidia, like those of most of the inland provinces or regions of Asia Minor, were not clearly defined, and appear to have fluctuated at different times . This was especially the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case on the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Lycia, where the upland district of Milyas was sometimes included in Pisidia, at other times assigned to Lycia . Some writers, indeed, considered the Pisidians as the same See also:

• PEOPLE

people with the Milyans, while others regarded them as descendants of the Solymi, but Strabo speaks of the See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language of the Pisidians as distinct from that of the Solymi, as well as from that of the Lydians . The whole of Pisidia is an elevated region of table-lands or upland valleys in the midst of the ranges of Mt Taurus which descends abruptly on the side of Pamphylia .

It contains several small lakes, and two of large See also:

• SIZE

size, See also:

• BEY (a modern Turk. word, the older form being beg, cf. Pers. baig)

Bey-Sheher See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake, the ancient Karalis, and the See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double lake now called the Egerdir Geul, of which the ancient name was Limnai . The latter is a fresh-See also:

• WATER

water lake of about 3o M. in length, situated in the north of Pisidia on the frontier of Phrygia, at an See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation o' f 3007 ft . Karalis is a larger See also:

• BODY

body, also of fresh water, and at a distinctly higher level above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . The only See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers of importance are the Cestrus and the See also:

• EURYMEDON

Eurymedon, both of which take their rise in the highest ranges of Mt Taurus, and flow down through deep and narrow valleys to the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain of Pamphylia, which they See also:

• TRAVERSE

traverse on their way to the sea . Notwithstanding its rugged and mountainous See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, Pisidia contained in ancient times several considerable towns, the ruins of which have been brought to See also:

• LIGHT

light by the re-searches of See also:

• RECENT

recent travellers (Arundell, See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton, See also:

• DANIELL, JOHN FREDERIC (1790-1845)
• DANIELL, THOMAS (1749–1840)

Daniell, G . Hirschfeld, Radet, Sterrett, Lanckoronski, See also:

• RAMSAY, ALLAN (1686-1758)
• RAMSAY, ALLAN (1713-1784)
• RAMSAY, ANDREW MICHAEL (1686-1743)
• RAMSAY, DAVID (1749—1815)
• RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM (1852– )
• RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM MITCHELL (185r– )

Ramsay, &c.), and show them to have attained under the Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire to a degree of opulence and prosperity far beyond what we should have looked for in a country of predatory mountaineers . The most important of them are Termessus, near the frontier of Lycia, a strong fortress in a position of great natural strength and commanding one of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal passes into Pamphylia; Cremna, another See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain fortress, north of the preceding, impending over the valley of the Cestrus; Sagalassus, a little farther north, a large See also:

• TOWN

town in a strong position, the ruins of which are among the most remarkable in Asia Minor; Selge, on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the Eurymedon, surrounded by rugged mountains, notwithstanding which it was in Strabo's time a large and opulent See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city; and See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch, known for distinction's See also:

• SAKE

sake as Antioch of Pisidia, and celebrated for the visit of St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul . This was situated in the extreme north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the district immediately on the frontier of Phrygia, between Lake Egerdir and the range of the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan Dagh and was reckoned in the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and earlier Roman period, e.g. by Strabo, as a city of Phrygia . Besides these there were situated in the rugged mountain See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of the Cestrus Cretopolis, Olbasa, Pogla, Isinda, Etenna and Comama . Pednelissus was in the upper valley of the Eurymedon above Selge . The only See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the district at the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day deserving to be called a town is Isbarta, the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of a See also:

• PASHA

pasha; it stands 'at the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• FOOT

foot of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of Mt Taurus, looking over a wide and fertile plain which extends up to the northern chain of Taurus . North of this and immediately on the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of Phrygia stood See also:

• APOLLONIA

Apollonia, called also Mordiaeum .

Large estates in Pisidia and the adjoining parts of Phrygia belonged to the Roman emperors; and their See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration has been investigated by Ramsay and others . We have no See also:

• CLUE

clue to the ethnic character and relations of the Pisidians, except that we learn from Strabo that they were distinct from the neighbouring Solymi, who were probably a Semitic See also:

• RACE

race, but we find mention at an early period in these mountain districts of various other tribes, as the Cabali, Milyans, &c., of all which, as well as the neighbouring Isaurians and Lycaonians, the origin is wholly unknown, and the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of monuments of their See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages must remain so . A few See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short Pisidian See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions have been published by Ramsay in Revue See also:

• DES

des etudes anciennes (1895, pp . 353–362) . No inscriptions in these other languages are known . (W . M .