PITCAIRN  , an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in the See also:

• MID

mid-eastern Pacific Ocean, in 25° 3' S., 130° 6' W., belonging to See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain . It lies See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of the See also:

• PAUMOTU, TUAMOTU

Paumotu See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

archipelago, roo m. from the nearest member of this See also:

• GROUP

group . Unlike the See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of the islands in this region, it is without See also:

• CORAL

coral reefs, but rises abruptly with steep and rugged cliffs of dark basaltic See also:

• LAVA

lava . The extreme See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation is over 2000 ft., and the See also:

• AREA

area 2 sq. m . The See also:

• SOIL

soil in the valleys is volcanic and fertile, but the See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual utilization of natural See also:

• TIMBER

timber increases the liability to drought, as there are no streams . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is variable and See also:

• RAINY, ROBERT (1826-1906)

rainy . See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

Stone axes, remains of carved stone pillars similar to those of See also:

• EASTER

Easter Island, and skeletons with a See also:

• PEARL
• PEARL, THE

pearl-See also:

• MUSSEL (0. Eng. muscle, Lat. musculus, diminutive of mus, mouse, applied to small sea fish and mussels)

mussel beneath the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head have been found in the island, though it was uninhabited when discovered by See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• CARTERET, SIR GEORGE (c. 1610-1680)

Carteret in 1767 . Pitcairn was the name of the See also:

• MIDSHIPMAN

midshipman who first observed it . The island was destined to become the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of a curious social experiment . On the 28th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1789 a See also:

• MUTINY
• MUTINY (from an old verb " mutine," O. Fr. mutin, meutin, a sedition; cf. mod. Fr. emeute; the original is the Late Lat. mota, commotion, from movere, to move)

mutiny See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out on See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board the " See also:

• BOUNTY (through O. Fr. bontet, from Lat. bonitas, goodness)

Bounty," then employed by the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government in conveying See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• BREAD

bread-See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit trees from See also:

• TAHITI

Tahiti to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Indies . The See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, See also:

• LIEUTENANT

Lieutenant See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• BLIGH, WILLIAM (1754-1817)

Bligh, was set adrift in the See also:

• LAUNCH

launch with See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• CREW (sometimes explained as a sea term of Scandinavian origin, cf. O. Icel. kris, a swarm or crowd, but now regarded as a shortened form of accrue, accrewe, used in the 16th century in the sense of a reinforcement, O. Fr. acreue, from accrofire, to grow,
• CREW, NATHANIEL CREW, 3RD BARON (1633–1721)

crew, but managed to make his way to See also:

• TIMOR
• TIMOR (Timur i Leng, the lame Timur)

Timor in the See also:

• MALAY

Malay Archipelago . The twenty-five mutineers at first all returned to Tahiti .

Some remained, and six of these were ultimately See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court-martialled in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, three being executed in 1792 . Meanwhile in 1790 a party consisting of See also:

• FLETCHER, ALICE CUNNINGHAM (1845– )
• FLETCHER, ANDREW
• FLETCHER, GILES (c. 1548-1611)
• FLETCHER, GILES (c. 1584-1623)
• FLETCHER, JOHN WILLIAM (1729-1785)
• FLETCHER, PHINEAS (1582-1650)

Fletcher See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian, the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the mutiny, eight Englishmen, six Polynesian men and twelve Polynesian See also:

• WOMEN

women had taken See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of Pitcairn Island and burned the " Bounty." Treachery and debauchery filled the first years of the See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals of the beautiful island . By 1800 all the men were dead except See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith, afterwards known as See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• ADAMS
• ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
• ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
• ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
• ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
• ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
• ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
• ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
• ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
• ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)

Adams, who See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to a sense of his responsibility and successfully trained up the youthful See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation See also:

• LEFT

left in his See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge . An See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel, the " Topaze," discovered the See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony in 18o8; again, by See also:

• ACCIDENT
• ACCIDENT (from Lat. accidere, to happen)

accident, it was visited by the " Briton," See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

• SIR

Sir F . See also:

• STAINES

Staines, and the " See also:

• TAGUS (Span. Tajo, Portug. Tejo)

Tagus," Captain Pipon, in 1817; and by the exploring See also:

• SHIP

ship " Blossom " in 1825 . On the See also:

• DEATH

death of John Adams on the 29th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1829 See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Hunn Nobbs, who had settled at Pitcairn in 1828, was appointed pastor and See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate . Through fear of drought the islanders removed to Tahiti in 183o, but disapproved of both the climate and the morals of this island, and returned to Pitcairn in 1831 . Shortly after this an adventurer named See also:

• JOSHUA, BOOK OF

Joshua See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill appeared, and, claiming government authority, tyrannized over the islanders till his removal by a British See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man-of-See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war in 1838 . In 1856 the whole of the islanders—6o married persons and 134 young men, women and See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children—were landed on See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk Island, but in 1858 two families See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose to return, and their example was afterwards followed by a few others . Visited in 1873 and 1878 the colony was found in excellent See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, but by the end of the See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it was stated that intermarriage was bringing a deterioration of See also:

• INTELLECT (Lat. intellectus, from intelligere, to understand)

intellect, morals and See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy, and that the islanders would probably See also:

• DRIFT (from "drive ")

drift into imbecility . Later accounts made it appear that this was an exaggeration, although the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard of morality was unquestionably See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low on the whole . In See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion the islanders are Seventh See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

Day See also:

• ADVENTISTS, SECOND

Adventists .

" They have adopted an extraordinary See also:

• PATOIS

patois, derived from the See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language of the Tahitian women who accompanied the mutineers of the " Bounty " to Pitcairn Island, although most of the adults can speak the See also:

• ENGLISH

English language fairly well " (R . T . Simons, See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report, 19o5) . The island is a British colony by See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement, and is within the See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction of the High See also:

• COMMISSIONER

Commissioner for the Western Pacific (since 1898) . There is a governing See also:

• BODY

body chosen from among the islanders, the constitution of which has been altered more than once owing to See also:

• INTERNAL

internal jealousies, &c . The island produces sweet potatoes, yams, melons, bananas and other fruits, See also:

• ARROWROOT

arrowroot and See also:

• COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee . Goats and chickens run See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild . Some See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is carried on with Mangareva in a vessel owned by the islanders . The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population is about 170 .