PODOPHYLLIN  , a See also:

• DRUG
• DRUG (from Fr. drogue, a word common in Romance languages, cf. Span. and Ital. droga; the origin of the word is obscure, but may possibly be connected with Dutch droog, dry)

drug obtained from the rhizome of the See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• MANDRAKE (Mandragora officinarum)

mandrake or may See also:

• APPLE (a common Teut. word, A.S. aepl, aeppel, O.H.G. aphul, aphal, apfal, mod. Ger. Apfel)

apple, Podophyllum peltatum, an herbaceous perennial belonging to the natural See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Berberidaceae, indigenous in See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods in See also:

• CANADA

Canada and the See also:

• UNITED

United States . The plant is about , ft. high, bearing two peitate, deeply-divided leaves, which are about 5 in. in See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter, and See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear in the axil a solitary, stalked, See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

flower, about the See also:

• SIZE

size and shape of the See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden See also:

• ANEMONE

anemone, with six or more petals and twice as many hypogynous stamens . The See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit is ripe in See also:

• JULY

July, and is an See also:

• OVAL (Lat. ovum, egg)

oval, yellowish, fleshy See also:

• BERRY, CHARLES ALBERT (1852-1899)
• BERRY, CHARLES FERDINAND
• BERRY, JOHN, DUKE OF (1340-1416)
• BERRY, or BERRI

berry, containing twelve or more seeds, each surrounded by a pulpy See also:

• OUTER

outer coat or aril . The rhizome, as met with in See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, occurs in cylindrical pieces 2 or 3 in. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and about 4 in. in diameter, of a See also:

• CHOCOLATE

chocolate or purplish-See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, smooth, and slightly enlarged where the juncture of the leafy See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem is indicated by a circular scar on the upper and a few broken rootlets on the under See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . The odour is heavy and disagreeable, and the See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste acrid and See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter . Podophyllin is a resinous See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder obtained by precipitating an alcoholic See also:

• TINCTURE (Fr. teinture, Lat. tinctura, tingere, to dye, stain)

tincture of the rhizome by means of See also:

• WATER

water acidulated with hydrochloric See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid . It varies in colour from greyish to See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright yellow or greenish-brown, the first-named being the purest . The powder is soluble in See also:

• ALCOHOL

alcohol and strong solutions of alkalis, such as See also:

• AMMONIA (NH3)

ammonia . Its See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition is somewhat complex . There are certainly at least two resins in the powder (which is known officially as Podophylli resina), one of them being soluble and the other insoluble in See also:

• ETHER, (C2H5)2O

ether . Each of these contains an active substance, which can be obtained in crystalline foi m, and is known as podophyllotoxin . It is soluble in alcohol, ether, See also:

• CHLOROFORM (trichlor-methane), CHC13

chloroform and boiling water .

Alkalis decompose it into picro-podophyllic acid and picro-podophyllin, See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute traces of both of which occur in a See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state in the rhizome . The acid is inert, but picro-podophyllin is the active principle . It is a crystalline See also:

• BODY

body, soluble only in concentrated alcohol . Hence the inutility of the pharmacopeial tinctura podophylli, which cannot be diluted before See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . The properties of podophyllin See also:

• RESIN (through O.Fr. resine, modern reline, from Lat. resina, prcbably Latinized from Greek Pirivrt, resin)

resin vary with the reaction of the See also:

• TISSUE (Fr. tissu, tissue, participle of tisser, Lat. texere, to weave)

tissue with which it is in contact; where this is acid the drug is inert, the picro-podophyllin being precipitated . The resin does not affect the unbroken skin, but may be absorbed from a raw See also:

• SURFACE

surface, and will then cause purging . When taken internally it is both a secretory and an excretory cholagogue, but so irritant and powerful that its use in cases of See also:

• JAUNDICE (Fr. jaunisse, from jaune, yellow), or IUTERUS (from its resemblance to the colour of the golden oriole, of which Pliny relates that if a jaundiced person looks upon it he recovers but the bird dies)

jaundice is generally undesirable . Its value, however, in certain cases of See also:

• CONSTIPATION (from Lat. constipare, to press closely together, whence also the adjective " costive ")

constipation of hepatic origin is undeniable . It is largely used in patent medicines, usually as an See also:

• AUXILIARY (from Lat. auxilium, help)

auxiliary to aloes . The best method of prescribing podophyllin is in pill See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form . In toxic doses podophyllin causes intense See also:

• ENTERITIS (Gr. Evrepov, intestine)

enteritis, with all its characteristic symptoms, and severe depression, which may end in See also:

• DEATH

death . The treatment is symptomatic, there being no specific antidote .