See also:

• POLA (Gr. Hart or Haas; Slovene, Pulj)

POLA (Gr. See also:

• HART, ALBERT BUSHNELL (1854– )
• HART, CHARLES (d. 1683)
• HART, ERNEST ABRAHAM (1835–1898)
• HART, SIR ROBERT
• HART, WILLIAM (1823–1894)

Hart or Haas; Slovene, Pulj)  , a seaport of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, in See also:

• ISTRIA (Ger. Istrien)

Istria, 86 m . S. of See also:

• TRIESTE (Ger. Triest; Slay. Trst; the Roman Tergeste, q.v.)

Trieste by See also:

• RAIL

rail . Pop . (1900), 45,052 . It is the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour and See also:

• ARSENAL

arsenal of the Austro- Hungarian See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy, and is situated near the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern extremity of the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula of Istria . It lies at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• BAY

Bay of See also:

• POLA (Gr. Hart or Haas; Slovene, Pulj)

Pola, and possesses a safe and commodious harbour almost completely landlocked . An extensive See also:

• SYSTEM

system of fortifications, constructed on the hills, which enclose the harbour, defends its entrance, while it also possesses a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good roadstead in the large channel of Fasana . This channel separates the mainland from the Brionian Islands, which dominate the entrance to the bay . The harbour has an See also:

• AREA

area of 3.32 sq. m., and is divided into two basins by a See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of three small islands . The inner See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin is sub- divided by the large See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

Olive See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island into the naval harbour, lying to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, and the commercial harbour, lying to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north . The Olive Island is connected with the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast by a chain-See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge, and is provided with wharfs and dry and floating docks . The See also:

• TOWN

town proper lies opposite the Olive Island, See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• BASE

base of a See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill formerly crowned by the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman capitol and now by a See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle from the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century .

Besides the castle the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief buildings are the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, dating from the 15th century; the new See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, completed in 1898 in the See also:

• BASILICA

Basilica See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, with a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble See also:

• FACADE

facade; the Franciscan See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent dating from the 13th century, and now used as a military See also:

• MAGAZINE

magazine; the huge See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry See also:

• BARRACKS (derived through the French from the Late Lat. barra, a bar)
• BARRACKS, CAMP

barracks; and the town-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, dating from the beginning of the 14th century . To the south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, along the coast, extends the marine arsenal, a vast and well-planned establish- ment possessing all the requisites for the equipment of a large See also:

• FLEET

fleet . It contains an interesting naval museum, arid is supple- mented by the docks and wharves of the Scoglio Olivi . The See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery laboratory and the See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder magazine are on the north See also:

• BANK

bank of the harbour . Behind the arsenal lies the suburb of See also:

• SAN

San Policarpo, almost exclusively occupied by the naval popula- tion and containing large naval barracks and hospitals . In the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of it is a pleasant See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

park, with a handsome See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian of See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico, who had been a See also:

• REAR

rear-See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral in the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• NAVY

navy . To the north, between San Policarpo and the town proper, rises the See also:

• MONTE

Monte Zaro, surmounted by an See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory and a statue of Admiral See also:

• TEGETTHOFF, WILHELM VON, BARON (1827-1871)

Tegetthoff . Pola has no manufactures outside of its naval stores, but its See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is now considerable, the exports consisting of See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish, See also:

• TIMBER

timber and See also:

• QUARTZ

quartz See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand used in making Venetian See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass, and the imports of manufactured and colonial wares . To many See also:

• PEOPLE

people, however, the chief See also:

• INTEREST

interest of Pola centres in its fine Roman remains . The most extensive of these is the See also:

• AMPHITHEATRE (Gr. 441, around, and O&arpov, a place for spectators)

amphitheatre built in A.D . 198-211, in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of the emperors Septimius Severna and See also:

• CARACALLA (or CARACALLUS), MARCUS A U R E L I U S ANTONINUS (186-217)

Caracalla, which is 79 ft. high, 400 ft. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and 320 ft. wide, and could accommodate 20,000 spectators . It is remarkable as the only Roman amphi- See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre of which. the See also:

• OUTER

outer walls have been preserved intact; the interior, how- ever, is now completely See also:

• BARE

bare—though the arrangements for the naumachiae, or naval contests, can still be traced .

The See also:

• OLDEST

oldest Roman relic is the fine triumphal See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch of the Sergii, in the Corinthian style, erected soon after the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• ACTIUM (mod. Punta)

Actium; and of not much later date is the elegant and well- preserved See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus and See also:

• ROMA

Roma erected in the See also:

• YEAR

year 19 B.C . Among the other antiquities are three of the old town See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates and a fragment of a temple of See also:

• DIANA

Diana . The See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of Pola is usually carried back to the mythic See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, and ascribed to the Colchian pursuers of See also:

• JASON ('Iaacov)

Jason and the See also:

• ARGONAUTS ('Apyovavrat, the sailors of the "Argo ")

Argonauts . In all See also:

• PROBABILITY (Lat. probabilis, probable or credible)

probability it was a Thracian See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony, but its verifiable See also:

• HISTORY

history begins with its See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture by the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans in 178 B.C . It was destroyed by Augustus on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of its espousal of the cause of See also:

• POMPEY

Pompey, but was rebuilt on the inter-cession of his daughter Julia, and received (according to See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny) the name of See also:

• PIETAS

Pietas Julia . It became a Roman colony either Having in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

Hand To make the Hand below . The See also:

• CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

Chance is I pair To get two pairs (3-card draw) . . . I in 41 I pair To get three of a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind (3-card draw) . . 1 in 9 i pair . . . To improve either way See also:

• AVERAGE

average value 1 in 3 I pair and I See also:

• ODD (in middle English odde, from old Norwegian oddi, an angle of a triangle; the old Norwegian oddamann is used of the third man who gives a casting vote in a dispute)

odd card To improve either way by See also:

• DRAWING

drawing two See also:

• CARDS, PLAYING

cards .

1 in 7 2 pairs To get a full hand drawing one card . . . r in 12 3's To get a full hand drawing two cards . . 1 in 151 3's To get four of kind drawing two cards . . . I in 23* 3's . . . . To improve either way drawing two cards . . i in 91 3's and I odd card . To get a full hand by drawing one card . . i in 151 3's and r odd card To improve either way by drawing one card . I in I I4 4 straight . . .

To fill when open at one end only or in middle IinII'-h as3467,orA234 . . . . 4 straight To fill when open at both ends as 3 4 5 6 . . I in 6 4 flush To fill the flush drawing one card . . I in 5 4-straight flush . . To fill the straight flush drawing one card . . I in 231 3-card flush . . . To make a flush drawing two cards . . . . I in 24 under the triumviri or under Octavian, and was mainly important as a harbour . It seems to have attained its greatest prosperity about the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the emperor Septimius See also:

• SEVERUS
• SEVERUS, SULPICIUS (c. 363–c. 425)

Severus (193—211 A.D.), when it was an important See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war harbour and contained 35,000 to 50,000 inhabitants .

At a later period Pola became the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the margraves of ,Istria, and was captured by the Venetians in 1148 . It was several times captured and plundered by the Genoese, and recaptured by the Venetians . In 1379 the Genoese, after defeating the Venetians in a See also:

• GREAT

great naval battle off the coast, took and destroyed Pola, which disappears from history for the next four See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred and fifty years . It remained under Venetian supremacy down to 1797, and has been permanently See also:

• UNITED

united with Austria since 1815 . In 1848 a new era began for Pola in its being selected as the principal naval harbour of Austria . See Th . See also:

• MOMMSEN, THEODOR (1817–1903)

Mommsen in Corp. inscr. latin. v . 3 sqq . (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1883); T . G . See also:

• JACKSON
• JACKSON, ANDREW (1767-1845)
• JACKSON, CYRIL (1746-1819)
• JACKSON, FREDERICK GEORGE (186o– )
• JACKSON, HELEN MARIA (1831–1885)
• JACKSON, MASON (c. 1820-1903)
• JACKSON, THOMAS (1579-1640)
• JACKSON, THOMAS JONATHAN (1824-1863)
• JACKSON, WILLIAM (1730-1803)

Jackson, See also:

• DALMATIA (Ger. Dalmatien; Ital. Dalmazia; Serbo-Croatian, Dalmacija)

Dalmatia, the Quarnero and Istria, vol. iii . (See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 1887) .