See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES See also:KNOX See also:POLK (179 1849)
, See also:eleventh See also:president of the See also:United States, was See also:born in See also:Mecklenburg See also:county, See also:North Carolina, on the 2nd of See also:November 1795
.
In iSo6 he crossed the mountains with his parents and settled in what is now See also:Maury county, See also:Tennessee
.
He graduated from the university of North Carolina in 1815, studied See also:law in the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of See also:Felix See also:Grundy (1777–184o) at See also:Nashville in 1819–182o, was admitted to the See also:bar in 1820, and began to practise in See also:Columbia, the county-seat of Maury county
.
After two years of service (1823–1825) in the See also:state See also:House of Representatives, he represented the See also:sixth Tennessee See also:district in the See also:National House of Representatives from 1825 to 1839
.
In the party conflicts which succeeded the presidential See also:election of 1824 he sided with the See also:Jackson-See also:Van Buren See also:faction, and soon became recognized as See also:leader of the Democratic forces
.
He was See also:speaker from 1835 until 1839, when he retired from See also:Congress to become See also:governor of Tennessee
.
His See also:administration (1839–1841) was successful, but he was unable to overcome the popular Whig See also:movement of that See also:period, and was defeated in 1841 and again in 1843
.
When the Democratic national See also:convention met in See also:Baltimore in 1844 he was mentioned as a possible See also:candidate for the See also:vice-See also:presidency, but was suddenly brought forward as a " dark See also:horse " and selected to See also:head the See also:ticket
.
Finding it impossible under the two-thirds See also:rule to nominate their candidate, the followers of Van Buren brought forward See also:Polk, who was popularin the See also:South, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to defeat See also:Lewis See also:Cass and See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Buchanan
.
See also:George See also:Bancroft, the historian, has asserted that this See also:suggestion came originally from him, and See also:Gideon J
.
See also:Pillow, Polk's intimate friend, did much to bring about the nomination
.
The unequivocal stand of Polk and his party in favour of the immediate See also:annexation of See also:Texas and the See also:adoption of a vigorous policy in See also:Oregon contrasted favourably with the timid vacillations of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Clay and the Whigs
.
Polk was elected, receiving 170 electoral votes to 105 for his opponent Clay
.
In forming his See also:cabinet he secured the services of James Buchanan of See also:Pennsylvania, as secretary of state, See also:Robert J
.
See also:- WALKER, FRANCIS AMASA (1840-1897)
- WALKER, FREDERICK (184o--1875)
- WALKER, GEORGE (c. 1618-169o)
- WALKER, HENRY OLIVER (1843— )
- WALKER, HORATIO (1858– )
- WALKER, JOHN (1732—1807)
- WALKER, OBADIAH (1616-1699)
- WALKER, ROBERT (d. c. 1658)
- WALKER, ROBERT JAMES (1801-1869)
- WALKER, SEARS COOK (1805—1853)
- WALKER, THOMAS (1784—1836)
- WALKER, WILLIAM (1824-1860)
Walker of See also:Mississippi, as secretary of the See also:treasury, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William L
.
See also:Marcy of New See also:York, as secretary of See also:war, and George Bancroft, then of See also:Massachusetts, as secretary of the See also:navy.' There is no doubt that each of these men, and Bancroft in particular, influenced the policy of the administration, yet the historian James See also:Schouler, who has made a careful study of the Polk papers, is doubtless correct in saying that the president himself was " the framer of the public policy which he carried into so successful See also:execution, and that instead of being led (as many might have imagined) by the more famous statesmen of his administration and party who surrounded him, he in reality led and shaped his own executive course." See also:Ban-'See also:croft's See also:opinion is that Polk was " prudent, See also:fat-sighted, bold, exceeding any Democrat of his See also:day in his undeviatingly correct exposition of Democratic principles."
The four See also:chief events of President Polk's administration were the final See also:establishment of the See also:independent treasury See also:system, the reduction of the See also:tariff by the Walker See also:Bill of 1846, the See also:adjustment of the Oregon boundary dispute with See also:Great See also:Britain by the treaty concluded on the 15th of See also:June 1846, and the war with See also:Mexico and the consequent acquisition of territory in the south-See also:west and west
.
The first three of these were recommended in his first See also:annual See also:message, and he privately announced to Bancroft his determination to seize See also:California
.
The independent treasury See also:plan originated during Van Buren's administration as a Democratic measure; it had been repealed by the Whigs in 1841, and was now re-enacted
.
Protectionists contend that the tariff legislation of 1846 was in See also:direct violation of a See also:pledge given to the Democrats of Pennsylvania in a See also:letter written by Polk during the See also:campaign to See also:John K
.
See also:Kane of See also:Philadelphia
.
Briefly summarized, this letter approves of a tariff for See also:revenue with incidental See also:protection, whereas the annual message of the 2nd of See also:December 111845 criticizes the whole theory of protection and urges the adoption of a revenue tariff just sufficient to meet the needs of the See also:government conducted on an economical basis
.
It is difficult to determine whether this was always his See also:idea of incidental protection, or whether his views were changed after 1844 through the See also:influence of Walker and the example set by See also:Sir Robert See also:Peel in Great Britain, or whether he was simply " playing politics " to secure the protectionist See also:vote in Pennsylvania
.
The one overshadowing issue of the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, however, was territorial expansion
.
Polk was an ardent expansionist, but the old idea that his policy was determined entirely by a See also:desire i to advance the interests of See also:slavery is no longer accepted
.
As a 1 See also:matter of fact he was personally in favour of insisting upon
540 40' as the boundary in Oregon, and threw upon Congress the responsibility for accepting 490 as the boundary, and he approved the acquisition of California, See also:Utah and New Mexico, territory from which slavery was excluded by See also:geographical and See also:climatic conditions
.
Furthermore a study of his See also:manuscript See also:diary now shows that he opposed the efforts of Walker and Buchanan in the Cabinet, and of See also:Daniel S
.
See also:Dickinson (1800–1866) of New York and See also:Edward A
.
Hannegan (d
.
1859) of See also:Indiana, in the See also:Senate, to retain the whole of Mexico, territory in which slavery might have thrived
.
At the See also:close of his See also:term (See also:March 4, 1849) Polk retired to his See also:home in Nashville, Tennessee, where he died on the 15th of the following June
.
' Bancroft served until See also:September 1846, when he was appointed See also:minister to See also:England
.
He was succeeded as secretary of the navy by John J
.
See also:- MASON, FRANCIS (1799—1874)
- MASON, GEORGE (1725—1792)
- MASON, GEORGE HEMMING (1818–1872)
- MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871)
- MASON, JOHN (1586-1635)
- MASON, JOHN YOUNG (1799-1859)
- MASON, LOWELL (1792—1872)
- MASON, SIR JOHN (1503–1566)
- MASON, SIR JOSIAH (1795-1881)
- MASON, WILLIAM (1725—1797)
Mason, who had previously held the office of See also:attorney See also:general
See John S
.
See also:Jenkins, James See also:Knox Polk (See also:Auburn and See also:Buffalo, 1850), and L
.
B
.
See also:Chase, See also:History of the Polk Administration (New York, 185o), both of which contain some documentary material, but are not discriminating in their method of treatment
.
George Bancroft contributed a See also:good See also:short See also:sketch to J
.
G
.
See also:- WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
- WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
- WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
- WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
- WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
- WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
- WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
- WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
- WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
- WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
- WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
- WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
- WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
- WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
- WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )
Wilson's Presidents of the United States (New York, 2nd ed., 1894)
.
He made copies of the Polk See also:manuscripts and was working upon a detailed See also:biography at the time of his See also:death in 1891
.
These copies, now deposited in the See also:Lenox Library, New York See also:City, contain a diary in 24 typewritten volumes, besides some See also:correspondence and other private papers
.
They have been used by James Schouler in his See also:Historical Briefs (New York, 1896), and by E
.
G
.
See also:Bourne in an See also:article entitled " The Proposed Absorption of Mexico in 1847–1848," published in the Annual See also:Report of the See also:American Historical Association for 1899, i
.
157–169 (See also:Washington, 1900)
.
Bourne discusses the See also:part which Polk took in preventing the See also:complete absorption of Mexico
.
See also the Diary of James K
.
Polk
.
.
.
. 1845 to 1849 (See also:Chicago, 4 vols., 1910), edited by M
.
M
.
Quaife
.
(W
.
R
.
End of Article: