JOVIANUS See also:

• JOVIANUS PONTANUS (1426-1503)

PONTANUS (1426-1503)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian humanist and poet, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1426 at Cerreto in the duchy of See also:

• SPOLETO (anc. Spoletium)

Spoleto, where his See also:

• FATHER

father was murdered in one of the frequent See also:

• CIVIL

civil brawls which then disturbed the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of Italian towns . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother escaped with the boy to See also:

• PERUGIA (anc. Perusia)

Perugia, and it was here that Pontano received his first instruction in See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages and literature . Failing to recover his patrimony, he abandoned See also:

• UMBRIA
• UMBRIA ('Opj3pucrl)

Umbria, and at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty-two established himself at See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, which continued to be his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence during a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and prosperous career . He here began a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close friendship with the distinguished See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar, See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio Beccadelli, through whose See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence he gained See also:

• ADMISSION

admission to the royal See also:

• CHANCERY

chancery of See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso the Magnanimous . Alphonso discerned the singular gifts of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young scholar, and made him See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor to his sons . Pontano's connexion with the Aragonese See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty as See also:

• POLITICAL

political adviser, military secretary and See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor was henceforth a close one; and the most doubtful passage in his See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic career is when he welcomed See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles VIII. of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France upon the entry of that See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king into Naples in 1495, thus showing that he was too ready to abandon the princes upon whose generosity his fortunes had been raised . Pontano illustrates in a marked manner the position of See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power to which men of letters and learning had arrived in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . He entered Naples as a penniless scholar . He was^ almost immediately made the See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion and trusted friend of its See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign, loaded with honours, lodged in a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, enrolled among the nobles of the See also:

• REALM

realm, enriched, and placed at the very height of social importance . Following the example of Pomponio Leto in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome and of Cosimo de' See also:

• MEDICI
• MEDICI, GIACOMO (1817-1882)

Medici at See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence, Pontano founded an See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy for the meetings of learned and distinguished men . This became the centre of See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion as well as of erudition in the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, and subsisted long after its founder's See also:

• DEATH

death . In 1461 he married his first wife, Adriana Sassone, who See also:

• BORE

bore him one son and three daughters before her death in 1491 .

Nothing distinguished Pontano more than the strength of his domestic feeling . He was passionately attached to his wife and See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children; and, while his friend Beccadelli signed the licentious verses of Hermaphroditus, his own Muse celebrated in liberal but loyal strains the pleasures of conjugal See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection, the See also:

• CHARM (through the Fr. from the Lat. carmen, a song)

charm of See also:

• INFANCY

infancy and the sorrows of a See also:

• HUSBAND

husband and a father in the loss of those he loved . Not long after the death of his first wife Pontano took in second See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage a beautiful girl of See also:

• FERRARA

Ferrara, who is only known to us under the name of Stella . Although he was at least sixty-five years of age at this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, his poetic See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty displayed itself with more than usual warmth and lustre in the glowing See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of elegies, styled See also:

• ERIDANUS

Eridanus, which he poured forth to commemorate the rapture of this See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union . Stella's one See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child, Lucilio, survived his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth but fifty days; nor did his mother long remain to comfort the scholar's old age . Pontano had already lost his only son by the first marriage; therefore his declining years were solitary . He died in 1503 at Naples, where a remarkable See also:

• GROUP

group of terra-See also:

• COTTA
• COTTA, BERNHARD VON (1808—1879)
• COTTA, GAIUS AURELIUS (c. 124—73 B.c.)

cotta figures, See also:

• LIFE

life-sized and painted, still adorns his See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb in the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of See also:

• MONTE

Monte Oliveto . He is there represented together with his See also:

• PATRON

patron Alphonso and his friend Sannazzaro in See also:

• ADORATION (Lat. ad, to, and os, mouth; i.e. " carrying to one's mouth ")

adoration before the dead See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ . As a diplomatist and See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official Pontano played a See also:

• PART

part of some importance in the affairs of southern Italy and in the Barons' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, the See also:

• WARS

wars with Rome, and the See also:

• EXPULSION (Lat. expulsio, from expellere)

expulsion and restoration of the Aragonese dynasty . But his chief claim upon the attentions of posterity is as a scholar . His writings See also:

• DIVIDE

divide themselves into See also:

• DISSERTATIONS

dissertations upon such topics as the " Liberality of Princes " or " Ferocity," composed in the rhetorical See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and poems . He was distinguished for See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy of Latin style, for vigorous intellectual See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers, and for the faculty, rare among his contemporaries, of expressing the facts of See also:

• MODERN

modern life, the actualities of See also:

• PERSONAL

personal emotion, in See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language sufficiently classical yet always characteristic of the See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man .

His See also:

• PROSE

prose See also:

• TREATISES

treatises are more useful to students of See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners than the similar lucubrations of See also:

• POGGIO (1380-1459)

Poggio . Yet it was principally as a Latin poet that he exhibited his full strength . An ambitious didactic See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition in hexameters, entitled Urania, embodying the astronomical See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science of the age, and adorning this high theme with brilliant mythological episodes, won the admiration of Italy . It still remains a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument of fertile invention,exuberant facility and energetic handling of material . Not less excellent is the didactic poem on See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

orange trees, De horlis Hesperidum . His most See also:

• ORIGINAL

original compositions in See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse, however, are elegiac and hendecasyllabic pieces on personal topics—the De conjugali amore, Eridanus, Tumuli, Naeniae, Baiae, &c.—in which he uttered his vehemently passionate emotions with a warmth of southern colouring, an evident sincerity, and a truth of See also:

• PAINTING

painting from reality which excuse their erotic freedom . Pontano's prose and poems were printed by the Aldi at See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice . For his life see Ardito, Giovanni Pontano e i suoi tempi (Naples, 1871) ; for his place in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of literature, See also:

• SYMONDS, JOHN ADDINGTON (184o-180, English critic and poet, was born at Bristol, on the 5th of October 184o. He was the only son of John Addington Symonds, M.D. (1807—1871)
• SYMONDS, WILLIAM SAMUEL (1818-1887)

Symonds, See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance in Italy . (J . A .