PONTECORVO  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• CAMPANIA

Campania, See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• CASERTA

Caserta, on the Garigliano, about 48 m. from Caserta and 3 M. from See also:

• AQUINO

Aquino on the railway from See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome to See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples . Pop . (19or) 1o,518 (See also:

• TOWN

town); 12,492 (See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune) . The town is approached by a triumphal See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch adorned with a statue of See also:

• PIUS

Pius IX . The principality of Pontecorvo (about 40 sq. m. in extent), once an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, belonged alternately to the Tomacelli and the abbots of See also:

• MONTE

Monte Cassino . See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon bestowed it on Bernadotte in 18oE, and in 18 ro it was incorporated with the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire . See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

PONT$COULANT, See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

LOUIS GUSTAVE LE DOULCET, See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

COMTE DE (1764-1853), French politician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• CAEN

Caen on the 17th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1764 . He began a career in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in 1778 . A moderate supporter of the revolution, he was returned to the See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

Convention for the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• CALVADOS

Calvados in 1792, and became See also:

• COMMISSARY (from Med. Lat. commissaries, one to whom a charge or trust is committed)

commissary with the army of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North . He voted for the imprisonment of Louis XVI. during the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, and his banishment after the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace . He then attached himself to the party of the See also:

• GIRONDE

Gironde, and in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August .1793 was outlawed . He had refused to defend his compatriot See also:

• CHARLOTTE

Charlotte See also:

• CORDAY

Corday, who wrote him a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter of reproach on her way to the See also:

• SCAFFOLD
• SCAFFOLD, SCAFFOLDING (from the O. Fr. escafaut, originally escafalt, modern echafaud, a corruption of the Italian or Spanish calafalco, a platform, especially a canopy over a bier, a catafalque; this word is composed of O. Span. altar, O. Ital. catare, t

scaffold .

He returned to the Convention on the 8th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1795, and showed an unusual spirit of moderation by defending See also:

• PRIEUR, PIERRE (c. 1626-c. 1676)

Prieur de la See also:

• MARNE

Marne and See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• LINDET, JEAN BAPTISTE ROBERT (1749-1825)

Lindet . See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President of the Convention in See also:

• JULY

July 1795, he was for some months a member of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of public safety . He was subsequently elected to the council of five See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred, but'was suspected of royalist leanings, and had to spend some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in retirement before the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the consulate .. Becoming senator in 18o5, and See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of the empire in 18o8, he organized the See also:

• NATIONAL

national guard in Franche Comte in 1811, and the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the north-eastern frontier in 1813 . At the first restoration Louis XVIII. made him a peer of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and although he received a similar See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour from Napoleon during the Hundred Days, he sat in the upper See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house under the Second Restoration . He died in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 3rd of See also:

• APRIL

April 1853, leaving See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs and See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence from which were extracted four volumes (r861-1865) of Souvenirs historiques et parlementaires 3764-1848 . His son Louis Adolphe Le Doulcet, comte de Pontecoulant (1794-1882), served under Napoleon in 1812 and 1814, and then emigrated to See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil, where he took See also:

• PART

part in the abortive insurrection at See also:

• PERNAMBUCO

Pernambuco in 1817 . He also organized a French volunteer contingent in the Belgian revolution of 1830, and was wounded at See also:

• LOUVAIN (Flem. Leuven)

Louvain . The See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his See also:

• LIFE

life was spent, in Paris in the study of See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• MUSIC

music and See also:

• ACOUSTICS (from the Gr. &eobav to hear)

acoustics . Among his See also:

• WORKS

works was one on the Musa instrumental du See also:

• CONSERVATOIRE (the Fr. equivalent of Ital. Conservatorio, Ger. Conservatorium, from Med. Lat. conservatorium, a place where anything is preserved, Lat. conservare, to preserve)

conservatoire de musique (1864) . A younger See also:

• BROTHER

brother, Philippe Gustave' Le .Doulcet, comte de Pontecoulant (1795-1874), served in the army until 1849, when he retired to devote himself to See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics and See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy . His works include Theorie .analytique du systeme du monde (Paris, 1829-1846) and Traite elementaire de physique See also:

• CELESTE, MADAME (1815–1882)

celeste (2 vols., Paris, 184o) .