See also:

• PORCH (through the Fr. porehe, from Lat. porticus; the Ital. equivalent is portico, corresponding to the Gr. vapOi ; Ger. Vorhalle)

PORCH (through the Fr. porehe, from See also:

• LAT

Lat. porticus; the Ital. See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent is See also:

• PORTICO (Ital. for " porch," Lat. porticus)

portico, corresponding to the Gr. vapOi ; Ger. Vorhalle)  , a covered erection forming a shelter to the entrance See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door of a large See also:

• BUILDING

building . The earliest known are the two porches of the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower of the Winds at See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens; there would seem to have been one in front of the entrance door of the See also:

• VILLA

villa of Diomede outside the See also:

• GATE

gate at See also:

• POMPEII

Pompeii; in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome they were 1 It commands a See also:

• FINE

fine view, and See also:

• CORSICA (Fr. Corse)

Corsica is sometimes visible, though not See also:

• SARDINIA (Gr. 'IXs'o"uva, from a fancied resemblance to a footprint in its shape, Ital. Sardegna)

Sardinia, as See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo (and following him, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY, BARON (1800-1859)

Macaulay) errol neously See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . See also:

• ANNUAL

Annual See also:

• RATE

rate per See also:

• I000

I000 of See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population . 1801-1850 . 1850-1900 . Births . Deaths . Births See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census Births . Deaths . Births Census above n Cc above Increase . Deaths. eaths . Increase .

Deaths . N.W . 35'4 26.5 8.9 8.1 34.4 23.4 11.0 8.6 S.W . 33.6 28.3 5'3 5.2 31.4 26.3 5.1 4.3 E . . 45.9 38'1 7.8 7.7 46.2 34.7 11.5 Io•6 See also:

• TOTAL

Total See also:

• EUROPE

Europe 38.6 31.2 7.4 7.1 38.0 28.4 9'6 8.2 See also:

• UNITED

United States - - - 29.9 - - - 24.0 See also:

• CANADA

Canada . - 38.7 - - - 16.2 See also:

• AUSTRALASIA

Australasia - . - I - 85.9 - - - 48'2 probably not allowed, but on either See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the entrance door of a See also:

• MANSION (through O. Fr. mansion, mod. maison, from Lat. mansio, dwelling-place, stage on a journey; manere, to remain)

mansion, porticoes set back behind the See also:

• LINE

line of frontage were provided, according to F . Mazois, as shelters from See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun and See also:

• RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain for those who paid See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early visits before the doors were opened . In front of the early See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian basilicas was a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long arcaded See also:

• PORCH (through the Fr. porehe, from Lat. porticus; the Ital. equivalent is portico, corresponding to the Gr. vapOi ; Ger. Vorhalle)

porch called " See also:

• NARTHEX (Gr. vapOr7E, the name of the plant giant=fennel, in Lat. ferula)

narthex " (q.v.) In later times porches assume two forms—one the projecting erection covering the entrance at the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west front of cathedrals, and divided into three or more doorways, &c., and the other a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of covered chamber open at the ends, and having small windows at the sides as a See also:

• PROTECTION

protection from rain . These generally stand on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north or See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south sides of churches, though in See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent there are a few instances (as Snodland and Boxley) where they are at the west ends . Those of the Nor-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period generally have little See also:

• PROJECTION

projection, and are sometimes so See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat as to be little more than See also:

• OUTER

outer dressings and See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

hood-moulds to the inner door . They are often richly ornamented, and, as at See also:

• SOUTHWELL
• SOUTHWELL, ROBERT (c. 1561-1595)

Southwell in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and See also:

• KELSO

Kelso in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, have rooms over, which have been erroneously called parvises .

Early See also:

• ENGLISH

English porches are much longer, and in larger buildings frequently have rooms above; the gables are generally bold and high pitched . In larger buildings also, as at See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

Wells, St Albans, &c., the interiors are as See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design as the exteriors . Decorated and Perpendicular porches partake of much the same characteristics, the See also:

• PITCH
• PITCH, MUSICAL

pitch of roof, See also:

• MOULDINGS

mouldings, copings, battlements, &c., being, of course, influenced by the See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . The later porches have rooms over them more frequently than in earlier times; these are often approached from the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• STOREY (equivalents are Fr. etage, Ital. piano, Ger. Stock)

storey by small winding stairs, and sometimes have See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire-places, and are supposed to have served as vestries; and sometimes there are the remains of a See also:

• PISCINA

piscina, and See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of altars, as if they had been used as See also:

• CHANTRY (Fr. chanterie, from chanter, to sing; Med. Lat. cantuaria)

chantry chapels . It is probable there were wooden porches at all periods; particularly in those places where See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone was scarce; but, as may be expected from their exposed position, the earliest have decayed . At See also:

• COBHAM

Cobham, See also:

• SURREY
• SURREY, EARLDOM OF
• SURREY, HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF (1518?-1547)

Surrey, there was one that had ranges of semicircular See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches in See also:

• OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak at the sides, of strong See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . It is said there are several in which portions of Early English See also:

• WORK

work are traceable, as at Chevington in See also:

• SUFFOLK
• SUFFOLK, CHARLES BRANDON, 1ST DUKE OF (c. 1484–'545)
• SUFFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SUFFOLK, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1561-1626)
• SUFFOLK, WILLIAM DE LA POLE

Suffolk . In the Decorated and later periods, however, wooden porches are See also:

• COMMON

common, some See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain, others with rich See also:

• TRACERY

tracery and large boards; these frequently stand on a sort of See also:

• HALF

half storey of stone work or behut . The entrance porches at the west end of cathedrals are generally called portals, and where they assume the character of See also:

• SEPARATE

separate buildings, are designated galilees; e.g. the porticoes on tl,e west side of the south See also:

• TRANSEPT (from Lat. trans, across, and septum, enclosure; synonymous terms in other languages are Fr. croisee, nef transversee; Ital. crociata; Ger. Querbau, Quersch&)

transept of See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln See also:

• CATHEDRAL

Cathedral, and at the west end of the See also:

• NAVE

nave of See also:

• ELY
• ELY, RICHARD THEODORE (1854— )

Ely Cathedral, and the See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel at the west end of See also:

• DURHAM
• DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, 1ST EARL OF (1792–1840)

Durham Cathedral . The finest example in England of an open projected porch is that of See also:

• PETERBOROUGH

Peterborough Cathedral, attached to the Early Norman nave . The See also:

• TERM

term " porch " is also given to the magnificent portals of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French cathedrals, where the doors are so deeply recessed as to become porches, such as those of See also:

• REIMS
• REIMS (RHEIMS)

Reims, See also:

• AMIENS

Amiens, See also:

• CHARTRES

Chartres, See also:

• TROYES

Troyes, See also:

• ROUEN

Rouen, See also:

• BOURGES

Bourges, See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, and See also:

• BEAUVAIS

Beauvais cathedrals, St Ouen, Rouen, and earlier Romanesque churches, as in St Trophime, See also:

• ARLES
• ARLES, KINGDOM OF

Arles and St Gilles . Many, however, have detached porches in front of the portals, as in Notre See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

Dame at Avigon, Chartres (north and south), See also:

• NOYON

Noyon, Bourges (north and south), St See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent at Rouen, Notre Dame de See also:

• LOUVIERS

Louviers, the cathedrals of See also:

• ALBI

Albi and Le See also:

• PUY

Puy, and in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany those of See also:

• SPIRES (Ger. Speyer or Speier)

Spires and See also:

• REGENSBURG (RATISBON)

Regensburg, and the churches of St Laurence and St Sebald at See also:

• NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg .

(R . P .