See also:

• PORCUPINE (Fr., pore-epic, " spiny pig ")

PORCUPINE (Fr., See also:

• PORE

pore-epic, " spiny See also:

• PIG
• PIG (a word of obscure origin, connected with the Low Ger. and Dut. word of the same meaning, bigge)

pig ")  , the name of the largest See also:

• EUROPEAN

European representative of the terrestrial rodent mammals, distinguished by the spiny covering from which it takes its name . The European See also:

• PORCUPINE (Fr., pore-epic, " spiny pig ")

porcupine (Hystrix cristata) is the typical representative of a See also:

• FAMILY

family of Old See also:

• WORLD

World rodents, the Hyslricidae, all the members of which have the same protective covering . These rodents are characterized by the imperfectly rooted cheek-See also:

• TEETH (O.E. Eel); plural of tooth, O.E. top)

teeth, imperfect clavicles or See also:

• COLLAR

collar-bones, cleft upper See also:

• LIP (a word common in various forms, to Teutonic languages, cf Ger. Lippe, Dan. laebe; Lat. labium is cognate)

lip, rudimentary first front-toes, smooth soles, six teats and many See also:

• CRANIAL

cranial characters . They range over the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, the whole of See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India and the See also:

• MALAY

Malay See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

Archipelago as far See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east as See also:

• BORNEO

Borneo . They are all stout, heavily-built animals,with See also:

• BLUNT, JOHN HENRY (1823–1884)
• BLUNT, JOHN JAMES (1794–1855)
• BLUNT, WILFRID SCAWEN (184o— )

blunt rounded heads, fleshy See also:

• MOBILE

mobile snouts, and coats of thick cylindrical or flattened spines, which See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the whole covering of their See also:

• BODY

body, and are not intermingled with See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary hairs . Their habits are strictly terrestrial . Of the three genera Hystrix is characterized by the inflated See also:

• SKULL

skull, in which the nasal chamber is often considerably larger than the See also:

• BRAIN (A.S. braegen)

brain-See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case, and The Porcupine (Hystrix cristata) . the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short tail, tipped with numerous slender-stalked open quills, which make a loud rattling See also:

• NOISE (a word of doubtful origin; O. Fr. nogse or nose; Prov. nausa, which points to Lat. nausea, sickness, as the origin; others take Lat. noxia, harm, as the source)

noise whenever the See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal moves . The See also:

• COMMON

common porcupine (H. cristata), which occurs throughout the south of Europe and See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Africa, is replaced in South Africa by H. africaeaustralis and in India by the hairy-nosed porcupine (H. leucura) . Besides these large crested See also:

• SPECIES

species, there are several smaller species without crests in north-east India, and the Malay region from See also:

• NEPAL, NEPAUL

Nepal to Borneo . The genus Atherura includes the See also:

• BRUSH (from Fr. brosse, which, like the English word, means both the undergrowth of a wood and the instrument; if the word in both these meanings is ultimately the same, then the origin is from a bundle of brushwood used as a brush or broom, but this is h
• BRUSH, GEORGE DE FOREST (1855– )

brush-tailed porcupines which are much smaller animals, with See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long tails tipped with bundles of flattened spines . Two species are found in the Malay region and one in West Africa .

Trichys, the last genus, contains two species, T. fasciculata of Borneo and T. macrotis of See also:

• SUMATRA

Sumatra, both externally very like Atherura, but differing from the members of that genus in many cranial characteristics . In the New World the porcupines are represented by the members of the family Erethizontidae, or Coendidae, which have rooted molars, See also:

• COMPLETE

complete collar-bones. entire upper lips, tuberculated soles, no trace of a first front-toe, and four teats . The spines are mixed with long soft hairs . They are less strictly nocturnal in their habits; and with one exception live entirely in trees, having in See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with this long and powerful prehensile tails . They include three genera, of which the first is represented by the See also:

• CANADIAN

Canadian porcupine (Erethizon dorsatus), a stout, heavily-built animal, with long hairs almost or quite hiding its spines, four front- and five See also:

• HIND

hind-toes, and a short, stumpy tail . It is a native of the greater See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• CANADA

Canada and the See also:

• UNITED

United States, wherever there is any remnant of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• FOREST

forest See also:

• LEFT

left . Synetheres, or Coendu, contains some eight or ten species, known as See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree-porcupines, found throughout tropical South See also:

• AMERICA

America, with one extending into See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico . They are of a lighter build than the ground-porcupines, with short, See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close, many-coloured spines, often mixed with hairs, and prehensile tails . The hind-feet have only four toes, owing to the suppression of the first, in See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of which they have a fleshy See also:

• PAD

pad on the inner See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the See also:

• FOOT

foot, between which and the toes boughs and other See also:

• OBJECTS

objects can be firmly grasped as with a See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . Chaetomys, distinguished by the shape of its skull and the greater complexity of its teeth, contains C. subspinosus, a native of the hottest parts of See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil . (W . H .

F.; R .