See also:

• PORTCULLIS (from the Fr. Porte-coulisse, porte, a gate, Lat. porta, and coulisse, a groove, used adjectivally for " sliding," from couler, to slide or glide, Lat. colare; the Fr. equivalents are herse, a harrow, and coulisse; Ger. Fallgatter; Ital. saraci

PORTCULLIS (from the Fr. See also:

• PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte-See also:

• COULISSE (French for " groove," from couler, to slide)

coulisse, porte, a See also:

• GATE

gate, See also:

• LAT

Lat. porta, and coulisse, a groove, used adjectivally for " sliding," from couler, to slide or glide, Lat. colare; the Fr. equivalents are herse, a See also:

• HARROW

harrow, and coulisse; Ger. Fallgatter; Ital. saraci  nesca), a strong-framed grating of See also:

• OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak, the See also:

• LOWER

lower points shod with See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, and sometimes entirely made of See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal, hung so as to slide up and- down in grooves with counterbalances, and intended to protect the gateways of castles, &c . The defenders having opened the See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates and lowered the ;See also:

• PORTCULLIS (from the Fr. Porte-coulisse, porte, a gate, Lat. porta, and coulisse, a groove, used adjectivally for " sliding," from couler, to slide or glide, Lat. colare; the Fr. equivalents are herse, a harrow, and coulisse; Ger. Fallgatter; Ital. saraci

portcullis, could send arrows and darts through the gratings . A portcullis was in existence until See also:

• MODERN

modern times in a gateway at See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York . The See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans used the portcullis in the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of gateways . It was called cataracta from the Gr . Karappiurr7s, a See also:

• WATERFALL

waterfall (KaTappityncreat, to fall down) . See also:

• VEGETIUS (FLAvjUS VEGETIUS RENATUS)

Vegetius (De re milit. iv . 4) speaks of it as an old means of defence, and it has been suggested that in See also:

• PSALM (from the Gr. word * hXAew, to play the harp)

Psalm See also:

• XXIV

xxiv . 7, 9, " Lift up your heads, oh ye gates," &c., there is an allusion to a similar contrivance . Remains of a cataracta are clearly seen in the gateway of See also:

• POMPEII

Pompeii . The See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian name saracinesca originates from the See also:

• CRUSADES

crusades .