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DAVID DIXON PORTER (1813-1891)

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 114 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DAVID See also:DIXON See also:PORTER (1813-1891)  , See also:American See also:naval officer, son of See also:Captain See also:David See also:Porter, was See also:born in See also:Chester, See also:Pennsylvania, on the 8th of See also:June 1813 . His first voyage, with his See also:father 1 While he was in New See also:Orleans he adopted David See also:Farragut, who later served with him on the " See also:Essex." in See also:West See also:Indian See also:waters in 1823–1824, was terminated by the See also:Fajardo affair (see PORTER, DAVID) . In See also:April 1826 he entered the Mexican See also:navy, of which his father was See also:commander-in-See also:chief, and which he See also:left in 1828, after the See also:capture by the See also:Spanish of the " See also:Guerrero," on which he was serving under his See also:cousin, David H . Porter (1804–1828), who was killed before the See also:ship's surrender . He became a See also:midshipman in the See also:United States navy in 1829, and was in the See also:coast survey in 1836–1842 . In 1839 he married the daughter of Captain See also:Daniel See also:Tod Patterson (1786–1839), then commandant of the See also:Washington navy-yard . Porter became a See also:lieutenant in See also:February 1841; served at the naval See also:observatory in 1845–1846; in 1846 he was sent to the Dominican See also:Republic to See also:report on conditions there . During the Mexican See also:War he served, from February to June 1847, as lieutenant and then as commanding officer of the " Spitfire," a See also:paddle See also:vessel built for use on the See also:rivers, and took See also:part in the See also:bombardment of See also:Vera Cruz and in the other naval operations under Commander M . C . See also:Perry . From the See also:close of the Mexican War to the beginning of the See also:Civil War he had little but detail See also:duty; in 1855 and again in 1856 he made trips to the Mediterranean to bring to the United States camels for See also:army use in the See also:south-west . In April 1861 he was assigned to the " Powhatan," and was sent under See also:secret orders from the See also:president for the See also:relief of Fort See also:Pickens, See also:Pensacola, an expedition which he had urged .

Porter was promoted commander on the 22nd of April, and on the 3oth of May was sent to See also:

blockade the South-West Pass of the See also:Mississippi . In See also:August he left the gulf in a fruitless See also:search for the Confederate cruiser " See also:Sumter." Upon his return to New See also:York in See also:November he urged an expedition against New Orleans (q.v.), and recommended the See also:appointment of Commander D . G . Farragut (q.v.), his See also:foster-See also:brother, to the chief command . In the expedition Porter himself commanded the See also:mortar flotilla, which, when Farragut's See also:fleet passed the forts on the See also:early See also:morning of the 24th of April 1862, covered its passage by a terrific bombardment that neutralized the See also:fire of Fort See also:Jackson . At See also:Vicksburg Porter's bombardment assisted Farragut to run past the forts (June 28) . On the 9th of See also:July Porter was ordered, with ten mortar boats, to the See also:James See also:river, where McClellan's army was concentrated . On the 15th of See also:October he took command of the See also:gun-vessels which had been built on the upper waters of the Mississippi, and to which he made important additions at an improvised navy-yard at See also:Mound See also:City, See also:Illinois . With this he took part in the capture of See also:Arkansas See also:Post on the 1th of See also:January 1863 . In the operations for the capture of Vicksburg in 1863 unsuccessful attempts were made in February and See also:March by Porter's vessels to penetrate through connecting streams and bayous to the Yazoo river and reach• the right See also:rear of the Confederate defences on the bluffs . But in May the fleet ran past the Vicksburg batteries, mastered the Confederate forts at See also:Grand Gulf, and made it possible for See also:Grant's army to undertake the brilliant See also:campaign which led to the fall of the See also:place (see AMERICAN CIVIL WAR and VICKSBURG) . Porter received the thanks of See also:Congress for " opening the Mississippi River " and was promoted rear-See also:admiral .

He co-operated with See also:

Major-See also:General N . P . See also:Banks in the Red River expeditions in March-May 1864, in which his gun-boats, held above See also:Alexandria by shallow See also:water and rapids, narrowly escaped See also:isolation, being enabled to return only by the help of a See also:dam built by Lieut.-See also:Colonel (Brigadier-General) See also:Joseph See also:Bailey (1827–1867) . On the 12th of October 1864 he assumed command of the See also:North See also:Atlantic blockading See also:squadron, then about to engage in a combined military and naval expedition against Fort See also:Fisher, North Carolina . Porter claimed that his guns silenced Fort Fisher, but Major-General B . F . See also:Butler, in command of the See also:land forces, refused to See also:assault, asserting that the fort was practically intact . After Butler's removal, Porter, co-operating with Major-General See also:Alfred H . See also:Terry, and commanding the largest fleet assembled at any one point during the war, took the fort on the 15th of January 1865; for this he again received the thanks of Congress . From 1865 to 1869 he was See also:superintendent of the U.S . Naval See also:Academy at See also:Annapolis, which he greatly improved; his most notable See also:change being the introduction of athletics . On the 25th of July he became See also:vice-admiral .

From the 9th of March to the 25th of June 1869, while Adolph E . Boric (1809–1880), of Pennsylvania, was secretary of the navy in President Grant's See also:

cabinet, Porter was virtually in See also:charge of the navy See also:department . In 187o he succeeded Farragut in the grade of admiral, which lapsed after Porter's See also:death until 1899, when it was re-established to See also:reward Rear-Admiral See also:George See also:Dewey for his victory at See also:Manila . Porter urged the reconstruction of the navy, which he saw begun in 1882 . He died in Washington, D.C., on the 13th of February 1891 . Porter wrote a See also:Life of See also:Commodore David Porter (1875), gossipy Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War (1885), a none too accurate See also:History of the Navy during the War of the See also:Rebellion (1887), two novels, See also:Allan Dare and See also:Robert le Diable (1885 dramatized, 1887) and Harry Marline (1886), and a See also:short " See also:Romance of See also:Gettysburg," published in The Criterion in 1903 . See J . R . Soley, Admiral Porter (New York, 1903) in the " See also:Great Commanders " See also:Series . Admiral Porter's three See also:brothers were in the service of the United States: See also:WILLIAM DAVID PORTER (1809–1864) entered the navy in 1823, commanded the " Essex " on the See also:Tennessee and the Mississippi in the Civil War, and became commodore in July 1862; See also:THEODORIC See also:HENRY PORTER (1817—1846) was the first officer of the American army killed in the Mexican War; and HENRY See also:OGDEN PORTER (1823–1872) resigned from the United States navy in 1847, after seven years' service, fought under William See also:Walker in Central See also:America, returned to the American navy, was executive officer of the " Hatteras " when she was sunk by the " See also:Alabama," and received wounds in the See also:action from the effects of which he died several years later .

End of Article: DAVID DIXON PORTER (1813-1891)
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