ISLE OF See also:

• PORTLAND
• PORTLAND, EARL OF
• ISLE OF PORTLAND
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM BENTINCK, EARL
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM HENRY CAVENDISH BENTINCK

PORTLAND  , properly a See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula of the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• DORSETSHIRE (DORSET)

Dorsetshire, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, as a prolongation of a narrow See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge of See also:

• SHINGLE

shingle, Chesil See also:

• BANK

Bank (q.v.), connects it with the mainland . Pop . (1901), 15,262 . It is 4 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and nearly 11 in extreme breadth, with an See also:

• AREA

area of about 41 sq. m . The shores are See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild and precipitous, and See also:

• PORTLAND
• PORTLAND, EARL OF
• PORTLAND, ISLE OF
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM BENTINCK, EARL
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM HENRY CAVENDISH BENTINCK

Portland is inaccessible from the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea except towards the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south . The highest point, See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close upon 500 ft., is the See also:

• VERNE, JULES (1828-1905)

Verne See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north . See also:

• WAVE

Wave See also:

• ACTION

action is seen in the numerous caverns, and south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of Portland See also:

• BILL

Bill, the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern extremity of the isle, is a bank called the See also:

• SHAMBLES

Shambles, between which and the See also:

• LAND

land there flows a dangerous current called the See also:

• RACE

Race of Portland . A raised See also:

• BEACH

beach is seen at Portland Bill . The substratum of the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island is Kimeridge See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

Clay, above which rests beds of See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand and strata of Oolitic See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone, widely famed as a See also:

• BUILDING

building See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone . Extensive quarries, which are See also:

• CROWN

Crown See also:

• PROPERTY

property, have supplied the materials for St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's See also:

• CATHEDRAL

Cathedral and many other important public buildings . In the " dirt-See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed " resting upon the Oolitic strata numerous specimens of petrified See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood are found, some of See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• SIZE

size . The See also:

• SOIL

soil, though shallow, is fertile, and mutton fed on the grass has a See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich flavour .

See also:

• QUARRYING

Quarrying, fishing and See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture are the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries . Several curious See also:

• LOCAL

local customs are retained by the inhabitants . A See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint railway of the Great Western and See also:

• LONDON

London & South Western companies runs south from See also:

• WEYMOUTH

Weymouth to Portland (44 m.) and See also:

• EASTON

Easton (82 m.) on the isle . The isle contains a convict See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison with See also:

• ACCOMMODATION (Lat. accommodare, to make fit, from ad, to, cum, with, and modus, measure)

accommodation for about 1500 prisoners . Portland See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle, built by See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VIII. in 1520, is generally occupied by the See also:

• COMMANDER

commander of the See also:

• ENGINEERS, MILITARY

engineers or of the See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment stationed on the island . On a See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock on the eastern See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side are remains of a more See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient fortress, See also:

• BOW (pronounced " bo ")

Bow and Arrow Castle, ascribed to See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• RUFUS, GAIUS VALGIUS
• RUFUS, LUCIUS VARIUS (c 74—14 B.c.)

Rufus . A See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour of See also:

• REFUGE

refuge, begun in 1847 under the direction of the See also:

• ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

Admiralty, was completed some fifteen years later . A See also:

• BREAKWATER

breakwater stretching in a northerly direction from the north-east corner of the island partially enclosed a large area of See also:

• WATER

water naturally sheltered on the south and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west . An inner See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm ran nearly east from the island and terminated in a See also:

• MASONRY

masonry See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head and fort, and an See also:

• OUTER

outer detached arm See also:

• BENT
• BENT (E1. BENI)
• BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

bent to the north and terminated in a circular fort, a narrow entrance for See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping being See also:

• LEFT

left between the two . It was formed of a See also:

• RUBBLE

rubble See also:

• MOUND

mound quarried by convict labour at the See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of the island, and was lowered by a See also:

• WIRE (A.S. wir, a wire; cf. Swed. vire, to twist, M.H.G. wiere, a gold ornament, Lat. viriae, armlets, ultimately from the root wi, to twist, bind)

wire-rope incline to the sea . The harbour thus made was open on the north to Weymouth and the Channel, but the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity for greater See also:

• PROTECTION

protection from See also:

• TORPEDO

torpedo attack made it advisable to See also:

• COMPLETE

complete the enclosure . Accordingly the See also:

• NAVAL

Naval See also:

• WORKS

Works Acts of 1895 and subsequent years sanctioned works for closing the See also:

• GAP

gap—about 2 m. long—between the end of the outer breakwater and the Bincleaves rocks near Weymouth, by two new breakwaters .

One of these runs nearly east from the Bincleaves See also:

• SHORE

shore and is about 4642 ft. long, while from its extremity the other, about 4465 ft. long, stretches in a south-east direction towards the old outer breakwater, passages for See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation about 700 ft. wide separating it from its neighbours at each end . These new structures also consist of rubble mounds . The defensive harbour thus completely enclosed has an area of 2200 acres to the one-See also:

• FATHOM

fathom See also:

• LINE

line, of which 15oo acres have a See also:

• DEPTH

depth of not less than 3o ft. at See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low water . There is no dockyard at Portland, but the watering and coaling arrangements for the See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of the See also:

• FLEET

fleet are of considerable importance . There is a coaling See also:

• JETTY

jetty and See also:

• CAMBER (derived through the Fr. from Lat. camera, vault)

camber for the storage of both sea-See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne and land-borne See also:

• COAL

coal, with See also:

• HYDRAULIC

hydraulic appliances for handling it . The harbour and island are strongly fortified . The isle of Portland is not mentioned in the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans . In 837 it was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of an action against the Danes, and in 1052 it was plundered by See also:

• EARL

Earl See also:

• GODWINE (d. 1o53)

Godwine . In 1643 the See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary party made themselves masters of the island and castle, but shortly afterwards these were regained by the Royalists through a See also:

• CLEVER

clever stratagem, and not recovered again by the forces of the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament till 1646 .