See also:

• LOUISE [AUGUSTE WILHELMINE AMALIE LUISE] (1776-1810)

LOUISE DE See also:

• PORTSMOUTH
• PORTSMOUTH, EARLS OF
• LOUISE DE PORTSMOUTH

PORTSMOUTH  K$ROUALLE, DUCHESS of (1649-1734), See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II., was the daughter of See also:

• GUILLAUME
• GUILLAUME, JEAN BAPTISTE CLAUDE EUGENE (1822-1905)

Guillaume de Penancourt and his wife See also:

• MARIE

Marie de Plaeuc de Timeur . The name of Keroualle was derived from an heiress whom her ancestor See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois de Penhoet had married in 1330 . The See also:

• FAMILY

family were nobles in See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany, and their name was so spelt by themselves . But the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form Querouailles was commonly used in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where it was corrupted into Carwell or Carewell, perhaps with an ironic reference to the care which the duchess took to fill her See also:

• POCKET

pocket . In See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France it was variously spelt Queroul, Keroual and Keroel . The exact date of her See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth is apparently unknown . See also:

• LOUISE [AUGUSTE WILHELMINE AMALIE LUISE] (1776-1810)

Louise was placed See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in See also:

• LIFE

life in the See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household of Henriette, duchess of See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans, See also:

• SISTER

sister of Charles II . See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon asserts that her family threw her in the way of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV. in the See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope that she would be promoted to the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of royal mistress . In 167o she accompanied the duchess of Orleans on a visit to Charles II. at See also:

• DOVER
• DOVER, GEORGE JAMES WELBORE
• DOVER, HENRY JERMYN, EARL OF (c. 1636-1708)
• DOVER, ROBERT (1575-1641)

Dover . The sudden See also:

• DEATH

death of the duchess, attributed on dubious See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence to See also:

• POISON

poison, See also:

• LEFT

left her unprovided for, but the king placed her among the ladies in waiting of his own See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen . It was said in after times that she had been selected by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court to fascinate the king of England, but for this there seems to be no evidence . Yet when there appeared a prospect that the king would show her favour, the intrigue was vigorously pushed by the French See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador, See also:

• COLBERT, JEAN BAPTISTE (1619-1683)

Colbert de Croissy, aided by the secretary of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• ARLINGTON
• ARLINGTON, HENRY BENNET, EARL OF (1618-1685)

Arlington, and his wife .

Louise, who concealed See also:

• GREAT

great cleverness and a strong will under an See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of languor and a rather childish beauty (See also:

• EVELYN, JOHN (1620-1706)

Evelyn the diarist speaks of her " baby See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face "), yielded only when she had already established a strong hold on the king's affections and See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . Her son, ancestor of the See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of See also:

• RICHMOND
• RICHMOND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RICHMOND, LEGH (1772-1827)
• RICHMOND, SIR WILLIAM BLAKE (1842– )

Richmond, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1672 . The support she received from the French See also:

• ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

envoy was given on the understanding that she should serve the interests of her native See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign . The bargain was confirmed by gifts and honours from Louis XIV. and was loyally carried out by Louise . The hatred openly avowed for her in England was due as much to her own activity in the See also:

• INTEREST

interest of France as to her notorious rapacity . The titles of Baroness See also:

• PETERSFIELD

Petersfield, countess of See also:

• FAREHAM

Fareham and duchess of See also:

• PORTSMOUTH
• PORTSMOUTH, EARLS OF
• PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE

Portsmouth were granted her for life on the 19th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1673 . Her See also:

• PENSIONS

pensions and See also:

• MONEY

money allowances of various kinds were enormous . In 1677 alone she received £27,300 . The French court gave her frequent presents, and in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1673 conferred upon her the ducal See also:

• FIEF

fief of Aubigny at the See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of Charles II . Her thorough understanding of the king's character enabled her to retain her hold on him to the end . She contrived to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape uninjured during the crisis of the Popish See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

Plot in 1678 . She was strong enough to maintain her position during a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long illness in 1677, and a visit to France in 1682 .

In See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1685 she took See also:

• MEASURES

measures to see that the king, who was secretly a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic, did not See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die without See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

confession and See also:

• ABSOLUTION (Lat. absolutio from absolvo, loosen, acquit)

absolution . Soon after the king's death she retired to France, where, except for one See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short visit to England during the reign of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James II., she remained . Her pensions and an outrageous See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant on the Irish See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue given her by Charles II. were lost either in the reign of James II. or at the Revolution of 1688 . During her last years she lived at Aubigny, and was harassed by See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt . The French king, Louis XIV., and after his death the See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent Orleans, gave her a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension, and protected her against her creditors . She died at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 14th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1734 . See H . Forneron, Louise de Keroualle (Paris, 1886) ; and Mrs Colquhoun Grant, From Brittany to See also:

• WHITEHALL

Whitehall (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1909) .