See also:

• POTASSIUM [symbol K (from kalium), atomic weight 39.114 0=16)]

POTASSIUM [See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol K (from kalium), atomic See also:

• WEIGHT

weight 39.114 0=16)]  , a metallic chemical See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element, belonging to the See also:

• GROUP

group termed the metals of the alkalis . Although never found See also:

• FREE

free in nature, in See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination the See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal is abundantly and widely distributed . In the oceans alone there are estimated to be 1141,X 1012 tons of sulphate, K2SO4, but this inexhaustible See also:

• STORE (from O. Fr. estor or estoire, Late Lat. staurum or instaurum, stock, provisions, supply, from the late use of instaurare, to provide, properly to construct, renew, restore)

store is not much See also:

• DRAWN

drawn upon; and the " See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt gardens " on the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France lost their See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial importance as potash-producers since the deposits at See also:

• STASSFURT

Stassfurt in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany have come to be worked . These deposits, in addition to See also:

• COMMON

common salt, include the following minerals: sylvine, KCI; carnallite, KCl•MgC12.6H2O (transparent, deliquescent crystals, often red with diffused See also:

• OXIDE

oxide of See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron); kainite, K2SO4•MgSO4•MgC126H2O (hard crystalline masses, permanent in the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air); kieserite MgSO4•H20 (only very slowly dissolved by See also:

• WATER

water); besides polyhalite, MgSO4•K2SO4.2CaSO4.2H2O- See also:

• ANHYDRITE

anhydrite, CaSO4; salt, NaCl, and some See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor components . These See also:

• POTASSIUM [symbol K (from kalium), atomic weight 39.114 0=16)]

potassium minerals are not See also:

• CON

con-fined to Stassfurt; larger quantities of sylvine and kainite are met with in the salt mines of Kalusz in the eastern Carpathian Mountains . The Stassfurt minerals owe their industrial importance to their solubility in water and consequent ready amenability to chemical operations . In point of See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass they are insignificant compared with the abundance and variety of potassiferous silicates, which occur everywhere in the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth's crust; See also:

• ORTHOCLASE

orthoclase (potash See also:

• FELSPAR, or FELDSPAR

felspar) and potash See also:

• MICA

mica may be quoted as prominent examples . Such potassiferous silicates are found in almost all rocks, both as normal and as See also:

• ACCESSORY

accessory components; and their disintegration furnishes the soluble potassium salts which are found in all fertile soils . These salts are sucked up by the roots of See also:

• PLANTS

plants, and by taking See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• PROCESS

process of See also:

• NUTRITION

nutrition are partly converted into oxalate, tartrate, and other organic salts, which, when the plants are burned, are converted into the carbonate, K2CO3 . It is a remarkable fact that, although in a given See also:

• SOIL

soil the soda-content may predominate largely over the potash salts, the plants growing in the soil take up the latter: in the ashes of most See also:

• LAND

land plants the potash (calculated as See also:

• K20

K20) forms upwards of 90% of the See also:

• TOTAL

total See also:

• ALKALI

alkali . The proposition holds, in its See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general sense, for See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea plants likewise . In ocean water the ratio of soda (Na2O) to potash (K20) is See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo : 3.23 (Dittmar); in See also:

• KELP (in M.E. culp or culpe, of unknown origin; the Fr. equivalent is varech)

kelp it is, on the See also:

• AVERAGE

average, too : 5.26 (See also:

• RICHARDSON, GEORGE
• RICHARDSON, HENRY HOBSON (1838-1886)
• RICHARDSON, SAMUEL (1689-1761)
• RICHARDSON, SIR JOHN (1787-1865)

Richardson) .

Ashes particularly See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in potash are those of burning nettles, See also:

• WORMWOOD

wormwood (See also:

• ARTEMISIA
• ARTEMISIA (159o-1642)

Artemisia absinthium), tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), See also:

• FUMITORY

fumitory (Fumaria officinalis), and See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco . In fact, the ashes of herbs generally are richer in potash than those of the trunks and branches of trees; yet, for obvious reasons, the latter are of greater industrial importance as See also:

• SOURCES

sources of potassium carbonate . According to See also:

• LIEBIG, JUSTUS VON, BARON (1803-1873)

Liebig, potassium is the essential alkali of the See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal See also:

• BODY

body; and it may be noted that See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep excrete most of the potassium which they take from the land as sweat, one-third of the See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of raw See also:

• MERINO

merino consisting of potassium compounds . To See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• HUMPHRY, OZIAS (1742-1810)

Humphry See also:

• DAVY, SIR HUMPHRY

Davy belongs the merit of isolating this element from potash, which itself had previously been considered an element . On placing a piece of potash on a See also:

• PLATINUM [symbol Pt, atomic weight 145.0 (0=16)]

platinum See also:

• PLATE

plate, connected to the negative of a powerful electric See also:

• BATTERY (Fr. batterie, from battles, to beat)

battery, and See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary merit . Curious if not very See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic bills have been produced in See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia; and in See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• WORK

work has been done by Orlik, Schliessmann, See also:

• OLIVA, FERNAN PEREZ DE (1492?-1530)

Oliva and Hynais . In the See also:

• UNITED

United States of See also:

• AMERICA

America, however, with the exception of some designs by Matt See also:

• MORGAN
• MORGAN, DANIEL (1736-1802)
• MORGAN, EDWIN DENNISON (1811-1883)
• MORGAN, JOHN HUNT (1825-1864)
• MORGAN, JOHN PIERPONT (1837–1913)
• MORGAN, LEWIS HENRY (1818-1881)
• MORGAN, SYDNEY, LADY (c. 1783-1859)
• MORGAN, THOMAS (d. 1743)

Morgan, few posters of artistic See also:

• INTEREST

interest were produced before 1.889, in which See also:

• YEAR

year See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis J . Rhead commenced a notable See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of decorative placards . Will H . See also:

• BRADLEY, GEORGE GRANVILLE (1821–1903)
• BRADLEY, JAMES (1693–1762)

Bradley began to produce his curious decorative See also:

• GROTESQUE

grotesque posters a little later . If See also:

• AMERICAN

American artists are behind Europeans in the artistic designing of large posters they have no rivals in the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of small illustrated placards for publishers of books and magazines . See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

Chief among those who have devoted themselves to this See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of See also:

• POSTER

poster See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design is See also:

• EDWARD

Edward Penfield .

Others who have achieved success in it include Maxfield Parrish, Ethel See also:

• REED
• REED, ANDREW (1787-1862)
• REED, ISAAC (1742—1807)
• REED, JOSEPH (1741—1785)
• REED, THOMAS BRACKETT (1839—1902)

Reed, Will Carqueville, J . J . See also:

• GOULD, AUGUSTUS ADDISON (,8o5-1866)
• GOULD, BENJAMIN APTHORP (1824-1896)
• GOULD, JAY (1836-1892)
• GOULD, SIR FRANCIS CARRUTHERS (1844- )

Gould, J . C . Leyendecker, See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

Frank Hazenplug, See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• DANA, CHARLES ANDERSON (1819–'897)
• DANA, FRANCIS (1743-1811)
• DANA, JAMES DWIGHT (1813-1895)

Dana See also:

• GIBSON, CHARLES DANA (1867- )
• GIBSON, EDMUND (1669-1748)
• GIBSON, JOHN (1790-1866)
• GIBSON, THOMAS MILNER (1806-1884)
• GIBSON, WILLIAM HAMILTON (1850-1896)

Gibson, Will Denslow, See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence Lundbourg and See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• MAYER, JOHANN TOBIAS (1723-1762)
• MAYER, JULIUS ROBERT (1814-1878)

Mayer . Exhibitions of artistic posters have been held in the chief cities of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and America, and the illustrated See also:

• PLACARD (15th cent. Fr. plackart, from plaquier; mod. plaquer, to plaster)

placard has already a literature of its own . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England a monthly See also:

• MAGAZINE

magazine (The Poster) was for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time specially devoted to its interests, and See also:

• COL
• COL (Fr. for " neck," Lat. collum)

col-lectors are numerous and enthusiastic . See Ernest Maindron, See also:

• LES

Les Afches illustrees (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1895); Les Maitres de l'affcche (Paris) ; Les Affiches etrangeres illustrees (See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium, Austria, See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, United States, Germany and See also:

• JAPAN

Japan) (Paris, 1897) ; Charles Hiatt, Picture Posters (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1895) ; J . L . Spousel, Das Moderne Plakat (See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden, 1897) ; Arsene See also:

• ALEXANDRE, NOEL (NATALIS ALEXANDER) (1639-1724)

Alexandre, M . H . Spielmann, H .

C . See also:

• BUNNER, HENRY CUYLER (1855-1896)

Bunner and A . Jaccacci, The See also:

• MODERN

Modern Poster (New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York . 1895) . ' (C .