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PRESENTATIONISM (from Lat. prae-esse,...

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 298 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PRESENTATIONISM (from See also:Lat. prae-esse, praesens, See also:present)  , a philosophical See also:term used in various senses deriving from the See also:general sense of the term " presentation." According to G . F . Stout (cf . See also:Manual of See also:Psychology, i . 57), presentations are " what-ever constituents or our See also:total experience at any moment directly determine the nature of the See also:object as it is perceived or thought of at that moment." In See also:Baldwin's See also:Dictionary of See also:Philosophy, vol. ii., a presentation is " an object in the See also:special See also:form under which it is cognized at any given moment of perceptual or ideational See also:process." This, the widest See also:definition of the term, due largely to See also:Professor See also:James See also:Ward, thus includes both perceptual and ideational processes . The term has, indeed, been narrowed so as to include ideation, the correlative " See also:representation " being utilized for ideal presentation, but in general the wider use is preferred . When the mind is cognizing an object, the object " presents " itself to the senses or to thought in one of a number of different forms (e.g. a picture is a See also:work of See also:art, a saleable commodity, a representation of a See also:house, &c.) . Presentation is thus essentially a cognitive process . Hence the most important use of the term " See also:presentationism," which is defined by Ward, in Mind, N.S . (1893), ii . 58, as " a See also:doctrine the gist of which is that all the elements of psychical See also:life are primarily and ultimately cognitive elements." This use takes See also:precedence of two others: (r) that of See also:Hamilton, for presentative as opposed to representative theories of knowledge, and (2) that of some later writers who took it as See also:equivalent to phenomenon (q.v.) . Ward traces the doctrine in his sense to See also:Hume, to whom the mind is a " See also:kind of See also:theatre " in which perceptions appear and vanish continually (see See also:Green and See also:Grose edition of the See also:Treatise, i .

534) . The See also:

main problem is as to whether psychic activity is " presented " or not . Ward holds that it is not presented or presentable See also:save indirectly . For the problems connected with Presentation and Presentationism see especially the See also:article PSYCHOLOGY and authorities there quoted .

End of Article: PRESENTATIONISM (from Lat. prae-esse, praesens, present)
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