See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

JOSEPH See also:

• PRESTWICH
• SIR JOSEPH PRESTWICH (1812-1896)

PRESTWICH (1812-1896)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English geologist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Clapham, See also:

• SURREY
• SURREY, EARLDOM OF
• SURREY, HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF (1518?-1547)

Surrey, on the 12th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March, 1812 . He was educated in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, See also:

• READING

Reading and at University See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• LONDON

London, where under Dr D . See also:

• LARDNER, DIONYSIUS (1793-1859)
• LARDNER, NATHANIEL (1684-1768)

Lardner and See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• TURNER, CHARLES (1773–1857)
• TURNER, JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM (1775–1851)
• TURNER, NAT (1800-1831)
• TURNER, SHARON (1768-1847)
• TURNER, SIR JAMES (1615–1686)
• TURNER, WILLIAM (d. 1568)

Turner, he paid See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to natural See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy and See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry, and gained some knowledge of See also:

• MINERALOGY

mineralogy and See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

geology . Circumstances compelled him to enter into commercial See also:

• LIFE

life, and until he was sixty years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he was busily engaged in the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City as a See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant . He devoted all his leisure to geology . His business journeys enabled him to see and learn much of the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general geology of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland and See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and this so effectively that at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of his See also:

• DEATH

death he ranked as the most eminent of See also:

• BRITISH

British geologists . As See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as 1831 he commenced, during See also:

• HOLIDAY

holiday visits, to make a study of the See also:

• COAL

coal-See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of See also:

• COALBROOKDALE

Coalbrookdale in See also:

• SHROPSHIRE (SALOP)

Shropshire, and the results of his observations were communicated to the See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

Geological Society of London in 1834 and 1836, and embodied in a memoir published in 1838 . His name is, however, especially known in connexion with his researches on the See also:

• EOCENE (Gr. *In, dawn, icauvos, recent)

Eocene strata of the London and See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire Basins (1846–1857): he defined the See also:

• THANET, ISLE OF

Thanet Sands and the See also:

• WOOLWICH

Woolwich and Reading Beds, and studied the sequence of deposits and of organic remains and the method of formation of these and the succeeding strata of London See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay and Bagshot Beds . So highly appreciated were his essays on the subject that in 1849 he was awarded the See also:

• WOLLASTON, WILLIAM (1659--1724)
• WOLLASTON, WILLIAM HYDE (1766-1828)

Wollaston See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

Medal by the Geological Society of London; and in 1853 he was elected F.R.S . In the course of his observations he was led to study questions of See also:

• WATER

water See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply and published in 1851 A Geological Inquiry respecting the Water-bearing Strata of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

Country around London, a See also:

• WORK

work that at once became a See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard authority; and his extensive knowledge in that respect procured him a seat on the Royal See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

Commission on Water Supply, appointed in 1866 . From 1858 the question of the antiquity of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man engaged his attention . On various occasions statements had been made as to the association of See also:

• FLINT
• FLINT, AUSTIN (1812-1886)
• FLINT, or FLTNTSHTRE (sir Gallestr)
• FLINT, ROBERT (1838- )
• FLINT, TIMOTHY (1780-1840)

flint implements formed by man with the bones of See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct mammals which belonged to more remote periods than those generally assigned for the See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of the human See also:

• RACE

race on this See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth, but the See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence adduced had usually been disregarded by geologists as not affording sufficient See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of the point .

See also:

• PRESTWICH
• PRESTWICH, SIR JOSEPH (1812-1896)

Prestwich, together with Dr See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh See also:

• FALCONER, HUGH (18o8–1865)
• FALCONER, WILLIAM (1732–1769)

Falconer and See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• EVANS, CHRISTMAS (1766-1838)
• EVANS, EVAN HERBER (1836-1896)
• EVANS, OLIVER (1755–1819)
• EVANS, SIR GEORGE DE LACY (1787–1870)
• EVANS, SIR JOHN (1823-1908)

Evans, saw the desirability of a closer examination of the facts, particularly in regard to the implements discovered by See also:

• BOUCHER, FRANCOIS (1703-1770)
• BOUCHER, JONATHAN (1738-1804)

Boucher de See also:

• PERTHES, FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH (1772—1843)
• PERTHES, JOHAN GEORG JUSTUS (1749-1816)

Perthes in the gravels of the See also:

• SOMME

Somme valley; and their investigations in France and England yielded evidence which proved that man existed contemporaneously with the See also:

• PLEISTOCENE

Pleistocene See also:

• MAMMALIA (from Lat. mamma, a teat or breast)

mammalia (Phil . Trans . 1861 and 1864) . In 1865 a Royal Medal was awarded to Prestwich by the Royal Society . In 1866 he was chosen one of the commissioners appointed to inquire into the several matters See also:

• RELATING

relating to coal in the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom; and he subsequently contributed an important See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report on the Quantities of Coal, wrought and unwrought, in the Coalfields of See also:

• SOMERSETSHIRE

Somersetshire and See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Gloucestershire, and another Report on the Probabilities of finding Coal in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South of England (1871) . His researches on the See also:

• CRAG (a Celtic word, cf. Gael. creag, Manx creg, and Welsh and modern Scots craig)

Crag Beds of See also:

• SUFFOLK
• SUFFOLK, CHARLES BRANDON, 1ST DUKE OF (c. 1484–'545)
• SUFFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SUFFOLK, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1561-1626)
• SUFFOLK, WILLIAM DE LA POLE

Suffolk and See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk, his report on See also:

• BRIXHAM

Brixham See also:

• CAVE (Lat. cavea, from caves, hollow)
• CAVE, EDWARD (1691–1754)
• CAVE, WILLIAM (1637–1713)

Cave, his papers on the Channel See also:

• TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

Tunnel and the Chesil See also:

• BANK

Bank, among others published during the years 1868-1875, may be mentioned . In 187o he married See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

Grace See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne McCall (nee Milne), niece of Dr H . Falconer, and author of the See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

Harbour See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

Bar and other See also:

• WORKS

works (see Essays Descriptive and See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

Biographical, by Grace, See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady Prestwich; edited by L . E . Milne, 1901) . Prestwich retired from business in 1872, and two years later he was invited to take the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of geology at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, vacant through the death of John See also:

• PHILLIPS
• PHILLIPS, ADELAIDE (1833-1882)
• PHILLIPS, EDWARD (163o-1696)
• PHILLIPS, JOHN (1800—1874)
• PHILLIPS, SAMUEL (1814—1854)
• PHILLIPS, STEPHEN (1868– )
• PHILLIPS, THOMAS (1770-1845)
• PHILLIPS, WENDELL (1811-1884)

Phillips . This See also:

• POST

post he occupied until 1887 .

During his professorship he wrote his See also:

• GREAT

great work entitled Geology: Chemical, See also:

• PHYSICAL

Physical and Stratigraphical (vol. i., 1886; vol. ii., 1888) . On leaving Oxford Prestwich spent his remaining years in his country See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, Darent-See also:

• HULME, WILLIAM (1631-1691)

Hulme, See also:

• SHOREHAM

Shoreham, See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent, erected by him in 1869 . There, although seventy-six years of age, he maintained marvellous activity in geological See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research, devoting his attention to the superficial deposits of the Darent valley, to the occurrence of See also:

• PALAEOLITHIC (Gr. iraXates, old, and )tWBor, stone)

palaeolithic flint implements in the valleys and of an earlier type since called eolithic, on the See also:

• CHALK

chalk See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau of Kent; he likewise dealt generally with the raised beaches and See also:

• RUBBLE

rubble-See also:

• DRIFT (from "drive ")

drift of the south of England and their relation to See also:

• RECENT

recent changes of level . His latest publications were Collected Papers on some Controverted Questions of Geology, and On Certain Phenomena belonging to the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

Close of the Last Geological See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

Period and on their Bearing upon the Tradition of the See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

Flood (1895) . He was knighted in 1896, and died on the 23rd of See also:

• JUNE

June in the same See also:

• YEAR

year, at Shoreham in Kent . See Life and Letters of Sir See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Prestwich, edited by his wife (1899) .