See also:

• PRIMATE (from Low Lat. primas=one who held the first place, primas partes)

PRIMATE (from See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low See also:

• LAT

Lat. primas=one who held the first See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, primas partes)  . During the 4th and 5th centuries A.D. the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title was applied to both See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular and ecclesiastical officials . The Theodosian See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

Code mentions See also:

• PRIMATES
• PRIMATES (Lat. primas, first)

primates of towns, districts and fortified places (Primates urbium, vicorum, castellorum) . The Pragmatic See also:

• SANCTION (Lat. sanctia, from sancire, to decree or ordain)

Sanction of Justinian also mentions primates governing a See also:

• DISTRICT

district, primates regions; and in this sense the title survived, under See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• RULE

rule, in See also:

• GREECE

Greece until the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . An See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official called " See also:

• PRIMATE (from Low Lat. primas=one who held the first place, primas partes)

primate of the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace " is mentioned in the See also:

• LAWS

laws of the Visigoths . Primas also seems to have been used loosely during the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages for " See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head " or " See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief." Du Cange cites primas castri . The title, however, has been more generally used to denote a See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop with See also:

• SPECIAL

special privileges and See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . It was first employed almost synonymously with See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

metropolitan to denote the chief bishop of a See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province having his see in the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital and certain rights of superintendence over the whole province . At the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council of See also:

• NICAEA, COUNCIL OF
• NICAEA, or NICE

Nicaea (A.D . 325) the metropolitan constitution was assumed as universal, and after this the terms " metropolitan," and " primate," to denote the chief bishop of a province, came into See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general use . The title of primate was used more generally in See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, while elsewhere metropolitan was more generally employed . The primates in Africa differed from those elsewhere in that the title always belonged to the longest ordained bishop in a province, who had not necessarily his see in the capital, except in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the bishop of See also:

• CARTHAGE
• CARTHAGE (Phoenician Kart-hadshat, " New City "; Gr. Kapxn5c; v, Lat. Carthago or Carchedon)
• CARTHAGE, SYNODS OF

Carthage, who was head also of the other five See also:

• AFRICAN

African provinces .

There were also three sorts of honorary primates: (1) primates aevo, the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest bishop in a province next to the primate, on whom See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power devolved when the primate was disabled or disqualified; (2) titular metropolitans, the bishops of certain cities which had the name and title of See also:

• CIVIL

civil metropoles bestowed on them by some See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor; (3) the bishops of some See also:

• MOTHER

mother-churches which were honoured by See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom but were subject to the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary metropolitan, e.g. the bishop of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem, who was subject to his metropolitan at Caesarea . At a later date " primate " became the official title of certain metropolitans who obtained from the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope a position of episcopal authority over several other metropolitans and who were, at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, appointed vicars of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See . This was done in the case of the bishops of See also:

• ARLES
• ARLES, KINGDOM OF

Arles and Thessalonica as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the 5th century . Such primates were sometimes also called patriarchs, primates diocesearum (See also:

• POLITICAL

political, not episcopal dioceses), primates provinciae, summi primates, praesules omnium sacerdotum in partibus suis . In this sense the Western primate was considered the See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent of the Eastern See also:

• PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch . The See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of 1 eims received the title of primas inter primates . By the False See also:

• DECRETALS (Epistolae decretales)

Decretals an See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt was made to establish such a primacy as a permanent institution, but the attempt was not successful and the dignity of primate became more or less honorary . The overlapping of the title is illustrated by the case of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where the archbishop of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York still bears the title of primate of England and the archbishop of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury that of primate of all England . A less general use of the title is, its application in See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval usage to the head of a See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral school or See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college (primas scholarum) and to the dignitaries of a cathedral See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church . The See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of See also:

• FULDA

Fulda received from the pope the title of primas inter abbates . In the Episcopal Church of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland the See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior bishop is styled the primas . Du Cange, Glossarium; See also:

• HINSCHIUS, PAUL (1835–1898)

Hinschius, Kirchenrecht (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1869); Moeller, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Church, translated from the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German by See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• RUTHERFORD, MARK
• RUTHERFORD, WILLIAM GUNION (1853–1907)

Rutherford, B.D .

(See also:

• LONDON

London, 19os); See also:

• BINGHAM, JOSEPH (1668-1723)

Bingham, Origines ecclesiasticae (184o) .