See also:

• NATHANAEL

NATHANAEL See also:

• NATHANAEL PRINGSHEIM (1823-1894)

PRINGSHEIM (1823-1894)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German botanist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Wziesko in See also:

• SILESIA

Silesia, on the 3oth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1823 . He studied at the See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities of See also:

• BRESLAU (Polish Wraclaw)

Breslau, See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, and See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin successively . He graduated in 1848 as See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy with the thesis De forma et incremento stratorum crassiorum in plantarum cellula, and rapidly became a See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader in the See also:

• GREAT

great botanical See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

renaissance of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . His contributions to scientific algology were of striking See also:

• INTEREST

interest . See also:

• PRINGSHEIM, NATHANAEL (1823-1894)

Pringsheim was among the very first to demonstrate the occurrence of a sexual See also:

• PROCESS

process in this class of See also:

• PLANTS

plants, and he See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew from his observations weighty conclusions as to the nature of sexuality . Together with the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French investigators G . See also:

• THURET, GUSTAVE ADOLPHE (1817-1875)

Thuret and E . Bornet, Pringsheim ranks as the founder of our scientific knowledge of the See also:

• ALGAE

algae . Among his researches in this See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field may be mentioned those on Vaucheria (1855), the Oedogoniaceae (1855-1858), the Coleochaeteae (186o), Hydrodictyon (1861), and Pandorina (1869); the last-mentioned memoir See also:

• BORE

bore the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Beobachlungen fiber See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Paarung de Zoosporen . This was a See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of fundamental importance; the conjugation of zoospores was regarded by Pringsheim, with See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason, as the See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of sexual See also:

• REPRODUCTION

reproduction . A See also:

• WORK

work on the course of morphological differentiation in the Sphacelariaceae (1873), a See also:

• FAMILY

family of marine algae, is of great interest, inasmuch as it treats of evolutionary questions; the author's point of view is that of See also:

• NAEGELI, KARL WILHELM VON (1817-1891)

Naegeli rather than See also:

• DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT (1809-1882)
• DARWIN, ERASMUS (1731-1802)

Darwin . Closely connected with Pringsheim's algological work was his See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-continued investigation of the Saprolegniaceae, a family of algoid See also:

• FUNGI (p1. of Lat. fungus, a mushroom)

fungi, some of which have become notorious as the causes of disease in See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish .

Among his contributions to our knowledge of the higher plants, his exhaustive monograph on the curious genus of See also:

• WATER

water-ferns, Savinia, deserves See also:

• SPECIAL

special mention . His career as a morphologist culminated in 1876 with the publication of a memoir on the See also:

• ALTERNATION (from Lat. alternare, to do by turns)

alternation of generations in thallophytes and mosses . From 1894 to the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of his See also:

• LIFE

life Pringsheim's activity was chiefly directed to physiological questions: he published, in a long See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs, a theory of the See also:

• CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12)

carbon-assimilation of See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green plants, the central point of which is the conception of the See also:

• CHLOROPHYLL (from Gr. XAwpos, green, 4bXXov, a leaf)

chlorophyll-pigment as a See also:

• SCREEN (usually, but very doubtfully, connected with Lat. scrinium, a box for holding books, from scribere, to write; a connexion with Ger. Schranke, barrier, has been suggested)

screen, with the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• FUNCTION

function of protecting the See also:

• PROTOPLASM

protoplasm from See also:

• LIGHT

light-rays which would neutralize its assimilative activity by stimulating too active respiration . This view has not been accepted as offering an adequate explanation of the phenomena . Pringsheim founded in 1858, and edited till his See also:

• DEATH

death, the classical Jahrbuch See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur wissenschaftliche Botanik, which still bears his name . He was also founder, in 1882, and first See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president, of the German Botanical Society . His work was for the most See also:

• PART

part carried on in his private laboratory in Berlin; he only held a teaching See also:

• POST

post of importance for four years, 1864-1868, when he was See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor at See also:

• JENA

Jena . In See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early life he was a keen politician on the Liberal See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . He died in Berlin on the 6th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1894 . A See also:

• FULLER, ANDREW (1954-1815)
• FULLER, GEORGE (1822—1884)
• FULLER, M
• FULLER, MARGARET, MARCHIONESS
• FULLER, MELVILLE WESTON (1833-1910)
• FULLER, THOMAS (16o8-1661)
• FULLER, WILLIAM (1670--c. 1717)

fuller See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Pringsheim's career will be found in Nature, (r 895) vol. li., and in the Berichte der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft, 1895) vol. xiii . The latter is by his friend and colleague, See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand ohn . (D .

H .