See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

RICHARD See also:

• ANTHONY, SAINT
• ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1906)

ANTHONY See also:

• PROCTOR
• PROCTOR, ALEXANDER PHIMISTER (1862– )
• RICHARD ANTHONY PROCTOR (1837-1888)

PROCTOR (1837-1888)  , See also:

• BRITISH

British astronomer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• CHELSEA

Chelsea on the 23rd of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1837 . He was a delicate See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child, and, his See also:

• FATHER

father dying in 185o, his See also:

• MOTHER

mother attended herself to his See also:

• EDUCATION

education . On his See also:

• HEALTH

health improving he was sent to See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• LONDON

London, from which he obtained a scholarship at St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John's College, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge . He graduated in 186o as 23rd wrangler . His See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage while still an undergraduate probably accounted for his See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the tripos . He then read for the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar, but turned to See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy and authorship instead, and in 1865 published an See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article on the " See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

Colours of See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

Double Stars " in the Cornhill See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine . His first See also:

• BOOK

book—See also:

• SATURN
• SATURN [SATURNUS]

Saturn and his See also:

• SYSTEM

System—was published in the same See also:

• YEAR

year, at hisown expense . This See also:

• WORK

work contains an elaborate See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the phenomena presented by the See also:

• PLANET (Gr. ssXavirrns, a wanderer)

planet; but although favourably received by astronomers, it had no See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale . He intended to follow it up with similar See also:

• TREATISES

treatises on See also:

• MARS
• MARS (MAYORS, MARMAR, MARSPITER GA MASPITER)
• MARS, MLLE [ANNE FRANCOISE HYPPOLYTE BOUTET] (1779-1847)

Mars, See also:

• JUPITER

Jupiter, See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun, See also:

• MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
• MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)

moon, comets and meteors, stars, and nebulae, and had in fact commenced a monograph on Mars, when the failure of a New See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand See also:

• BANK

bank deprived him of an See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence which would have enabled him to carry out his See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme without anxiety as to its commercial success or failure . Being thus obliged to depend upon his writings for the support of his See also:

• FAMILY

family, and having learned by the See also:

• FATE

fate of his Saturn that the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general public are not attracted by See also:

• WORKS

works requiring arduous study, he cultivated a more popular See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style . He wrote for a number of See also:

• PERIODICALS

periodicals; and although he has stated that he would at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time willingly have " turned to See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone-breaking on the roads, or any other See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of hard and honest but unscientific labour, if a modest competence had been offered " him in any such direction, he attained a high degree of popularity, and his numerous works had a wide See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in familiarizing the public with the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main facts of astronomy . His earlier efforts were, however, not always successful .

His See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

Hand-book of the Stars (1866) was refused by Messrs See also:

• LONGMANS

Longmans and Messrs See also:

• MACMILLAN

Macmillan, but being privately printed, it sold fairly well . For his See also:

• HALF

Half-See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

Hours with the See also:

• TELESCOPE

Telescope (1868), which eventually reached a loth edition, he received originally £25 from Messrs Hardwick . Although teaching was uncongenial to him he took pupils in See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics, and held for a time the position of mathematical See also:

• COACH (through the Fr. coche, originally from the Magyar kocsi, an adjective from the Hungarian place named Kocs, between Raab and Buda, i.e. the sort of vehicle used there in the 15th century)

coach for See also:

• WOOLWICH

Woolwich and See also:

• SANDHURST

Sandhurst . His See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• STANDING

standing meantime improved, and he became a See also:

• REGULAR

regular contributor to The Intellectual Observer, See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

Chambers's See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal and the Popular See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review . In 187o appeared his Other Worlds than Ours, in which he discussed the question of the See also:

• PLURALITY (0. Fr. pluralitd, Late Lat. pluralitas, plural number)

plurality of worlds in the See also:

• LIGHT

light of new facts . This was followed by a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of popular treatises in rapid See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession, amongst the more important of which are Light Science for Leisure Hours and The Sun (1871); The Orbs around Us and Essays on Astronomy (1872); The Expanse of See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

Heaven, The Moon and The Borderland of Science (1873); The Universe and the Coming Transits and Transits of See also:

• VENUS

Venus (1874); Our Place among Infinities (1875); Myths and Marvels of Astronomy (1877); The Universe of Stars (1878); See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

Flowers of the See also:

• SKY (M. Eng. skie, cloud; O. Eng. skua, shade; connected with an Indo-European root sku, cover, whence " scum," Lat. obscurus, dark, &c.)

Sky (1879); The Peotry of Astronomy (188o); Easy See also:

• STAR

Star Lessons and See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

Familiar Science Studies (1882); Mysteries of Time and Space and The Great See also:

• PYRAMID

Pyramid (1883); The Universe of Suns (1884); The Seasons (1885); Other Suns than Ours and Half-Hours with the Stars (1887) . In 1881 he founded Knowledge, a popular weekly magazine of science (converted into a monthly, in 1885), which had a considerable circulation . In it he wrote on a great variety of subjects, including See also:

• CHESS

chess and See also:

• WHIST

whist . He was also the author of the articles on astronomy in the See also:

• AMERICAN

American Cyclopaedia and the ninth edition of the See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia Britannica, and was well known as a popular lecturer on astronomy in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, See also:

• AMERICA

America and See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia . Elected a See also:

• FELLOW

fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1866, he became honorary secretary in 1872, and contributed eighty-three See also:

• SEPARATE

separate papers to its Monthly Notices . Of these the more noteworthy dealt with the See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution of stars, star-clusters and nebulae, and the construction of the sidereal universe . He was an See also:

• EXPERT (Lat. expertus, from experiri, to try)

expert in all that related to See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map-See also:

• DRAWING

drawing, and published two star-atlases .

A See also:

• CHART (from Lat. carta, charta, a map)

chart on an isographic See also:

• PROJECTION

projection, exhibiting - all the stars contained in the See also:

• BONN

Bonn Durchmusterung, was designed to show the See also:

• LAWS

laws according to which the stars down to the 9–loth magnitude are distributed over the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern heavens . His " Theoretical Considerations respecting the See also:

• CORONA (Lat. for " crown ")

Corona " (Monthly Notices, xxxi . 184, 254) also deserve mention, as well as his discussions of the rotation of Mars, by which he deduced its See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period with a probable See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error of Oa •005 . He also vigorously criticized the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official arrangements for observing the transits of Venus of 1874 and 1882 . His largest and most ambitious work, Old and New Astronomy, unfortunately See also:

• LEFT

left unfinished at his See also:

• DEATH

death, was completed by A . See also:

• COWPER, WILLIAM (1731-1800)
• COWPER, WILLIAM COWPER, 1ST EARL (c. 1665-1723)

Cowper Ranyard and published in 1892 . He settled in America some time after his second marriage in 1881, and c' ied at New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York on the 12th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1888 . See Monthly Notices, xlix . 164; See also:

• OBSERVATORY

Observatory, xi . 366; The Times, (See also:

• SEPT

Sept . 14, 1888) ; Knowledge (Oct . 1888, p .

265) ; See also:

• APPLETON
• APPLETON, NATHAN (1779-1861)

Appleton's See also:

• ANNUAL

Annual Cyclopaedia, xiii . 707; Autobiographical Notes in New Science Review, i . 393 .