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PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from...

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 423 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)  , a See also:term now properly confined to a teacher of a See also:special grade at a university . Its former significance of one who has made "profession " or open See also:acknowledgment of religious belief, or, in particular, has made a promise binding the maker to a religious See also:order, is now obsolete . The educational use is found in See also:post-Augustan Latin, and profiteri is used by See also:Pliny (Ep. ii . 18, 3, iv . 11, 14), absolutely, in the sense of " to be a teacher," an See also:extension of the classical use in the sense of to practise, profess a See also:science or See also:art, e.g. profiteri See also:jus, medicinam, philosophiam, &c . In the See also:universities of the See also:middle ages the conferring of a degree in any See also:faculty or See also:branch of learning meant the right or qualification to See also:teach in that faculty, whence the terms magister, " See also:master," and See also:doctor for those on whom the degree had been granted . To these names must be added that of " See also:professor." The " three titles of Master, Doctor, Professor, were in the middle ages absolutely synonymous " (H . Rashdall, The Universities of See also:Europe in the Middle Ages, 1895, 21) . At See also:Paris in the faculties of See also:theology,See also:medicine and arts professor is more frequently used than doctor but less so than magister; at See also:Bologna the teachers of See also:law are known as professores or doctores (id.) . From this position to that of the holder of an endowed "See also:chair," the occupant of which is the See also:principal public teacher of the particular faculty, the See also:evolution was See also:gradual . The first endowed professorship at See also:Oxford was that of divinity, founded by the See also:mother of See also:Henry VII. in 1497 ( ? 1502) and named after her the " See also:Margaret Professorship." The See also:foundation of the regius professorship by Henry VIII., in 1546 no doubt, as the New See also:English See also:Dictionary points out, tended to the See also:general See also:modern use of the word .

Sub-See also:

ordinate public teachers in faculties or in subjects to which a professorial " chair " is attached, are known as " readers '' or " lecturers," and these titles are also used for the principal public teachers in subjects which have not reached professorial See also:rank .

End of Article: PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)
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