See also:

• PROTAGORAS (c. 481-411 B.C.)

PROTAGORAS (c. 481-411 B.C.)  , See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek philosopher, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• ABDERA

Abdera . He is known as the first of the See also:

• SOPHISTS (from Gr. codtoris, literally, man of wisdom)

Sophists' (q.v.), i.e. he was the first to See also:

• TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach for See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment . It is said that he received nearly L400 from a single See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil . He learned See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy in the Ionian school, and was perhaps a pupil of See also:

• DEMOCRITUS

Democritus, though this is doubtful on See also:

• CHRONOLOGICAL

chronological grounds . He was an older contemporary of See also:

• SOCRATES

Socrates . He was so highly esteemed by See also:

• PERICLES (49o-429 B.C.)

Pericles that he was entrusted with the task of framing See also:

• LAWS

laws for the new See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of See also:

• THURII, or THURIUM

Thurii (Plut . Pericles, 36) . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of seventy, having been accused by Pythodorus, and convicted of See also:

• ATHEISM (from Gr. as, privative, and Oebs, God)

atheism, See also:

• PROTAGORAS (c. 481-411 B.C.)

Protagoras fled from See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, and on his way to See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily was lost at See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . According to See also:

• PLATO

Plato (Prot., 318 E), he endeavoured to communicate " prudence " (d(3otAia) to his pupils, " which should See also:

• FIT

fit them to See also:

• MANAGE

manage their households, and to take See also:

• PART

part by word and See also:

• DEED (in O. Eng. dead, from the stem of the verb " to do ")

deed in civic affairs." The See also:

• EDUCATION

education which he provided consisted of See also:

• RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

rhetoric, See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar, See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style and the See also:

• INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation of the poets . His formal lectures were supplemented by discussions amongst his pupils . He See also:

• LEFT

left behind him several See also:

• TREATISES

treatises, of which only a few fragments havesurvived . In Truth, by way of justifying his rejection. of philosophy or See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science, he maintained that " See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man is the measure of all things—of what is, that it is, and of what is not, that it is not." Besides Truth, and the See also:

• BOOK

book Of the Gods which caused his condemnation at Athens, See also:

• DIOGENES

Diogenes Laertius attributes to him treatises on See also:

• POLITICAL

political, ethical, educational and rhetorical subjects .

Protagoras was the first to systematize grammar, dis- tinguishing the parts of speech, the tenses and the moods . AUTHORITIES.—biog . Laert., ix . 8, &c.; the very different representations in Plato's Protagoras and Theaetetus; k the fragments in Johannes Frei, Quaestiones Protagoreae (See also:

• BONN

Bonn, 1845), and A . J . Vitringa, Disquisitio de Protagorae vita et Philosophia (See also:

• GRONINGEN

Groningen, 185z) ; for the Thurian legislation, M . H . E . Meier, Opuscula, i . 222, and See also:

• GOMPERZ, THEODOR (1832– )

Gomperz in See also:

• FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

Franz.See also:

• HOFFMANN, AUGUST HEINRICH (1798–1874)
• HOFFMANN, ERNST THEODOR WILHELM (1776-1822)
• HOFFMANN, JOHANN JOSEPH (1805-1878)

Hoffmann's Beitrage zur Gesch. See also:

• DES

des griech. and rout . Rechts (187o) . On Protagoras' philosophy see the histories of philosophy, e.g .

Gomperz, Greek Thinkers (Eng. trans., 1901) i . 438–475 and 586-592, See also:

• ZELLER, EDUARD (1814-1908)

Zeller, See also:

• UEBERWEG, FRIEDRICH (1826-1871)

Ueberweg, See also:

• ERDMANN
• ERDMANN, JOHANN EDUARD (1805-1892)

Erdmann, and See also:

• WORKS

works quoted under SOPHISTS .