See also:

• PROTOCOL (Fr. protocole, Late Lat. protocollum, from Gr. vrp(;rros, first, and KoXXav, to glue, i.e. originally the first sheet of a papyrus roll)

PROTOCOL (Fr. protocole, See also:

• LATE

Late See also:

• LAT

Lat. protocollum, from Gr. vrp(;rros, first, and KoXXav, to See also:

• GLUE (from the O. Fr. glu, bird-lime, from the Late Lat. gluten, glus, glue)

glue, i.e. originally the first See also:

• SHEET

sheet of a See also:

• PAPYRUS

papyrus See also:

• ROLL (O. Fr. rolle, roulle, mod. role, Lat. rotulus, dim. of rota, wheel)
• ROLL, ALFRED PHILIPPE (1846– )

roll)  , in See also:

• DIPLOMACY (Fr. diplomatic)

diplomacy, the name given to a variety of written See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments . The protocollum was under the See also:

• LATE

late See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire a See also:

• VOLUME

volume of leaves, See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound together with See also:

• GLUE (from the O. Fr. glu, bird-lime, from the Late Lat. gluten, glus, glue)

glue, in which public acts were recorded, so as to guard against See also:

• FRAUD (Lat. fraus, deceit)

fraud or See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error on the See also:

• PART

part of those responsible for preparing them; and in later usage it came to be applied to the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original drafts of such acts . Thus, too, the word prothocollare was devised for the See also:

• PROCESS

process of See also:

• DRAWING

drawing up public acts in See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form (Du Cange, Glossarium See also:

• LAT

lat. s.v . Protocollum) . The use of the word protocollum for the See also:

• INTRODUCTORY

introductory and other formulae in the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval diploma (see See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

DIPLOMATIC) thus explains itself as implying a recorded usage in such matters . In the See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language of See also:

• MODERN

modern diplomacy the name of " See also:

• PROTOCOL (Fr. protocole, Late Lat. protocollum, from Gr. vrp(;rros, first, and KoXXav, to glue, i.e. originally the first sheet of a papyrus roll)

protocol " is given to the minutes (process-verbaux) of the several sittings of a See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference or See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress; these, though signed by the plenipotentiaries See also:

• PRESENT

present, have only the force of verbal engagements (see CONGRESS) . The name of " protocols " is also given to certain diplomatic instruments in which, without the form of a treaty or See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention being adopted, are recorded the principles or the matters of detail on which an agreement has been reached, e.g. making See also:

• SPECIAL

special arrangements for carrying out the See also:

• OBJECTS

objects of previous See also:

• TREATIES

treaties, defining these objects more clearly, interpreting the exact sense of a doubtful clause in a treaty (protocoles interpretatifs) and the like . Thus the famous See also:

• TROPPAU (Polish, Oppava; Czech, Opava)
• TROPPAU, CONGRESS OF

Troppau protocol, which annunciated the right and See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty of the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers to intervene in the See also:

• INTERNAL

internal affairs of a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state threatened with revolution, was from the point of view of its signatories merely a logical application of the principles contained in the treaty of the loth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1815 (see TROPPAU) . Occasionally also an agreement between two or more powers takes the form of a protocol, rather than a treaty, when the intention is to proclaim a community of views or aims without binding them to eventual See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• ACTION

action in support of those views or aims; thus the See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of the question of the Danish See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession was recognized by the powers in conference at See also:

• LONDON

London, by the protocol of 1852 (see See also:

• SCHLESWIG (Dan. Slesvig)

SCHLESWIG-See also:

• HOLSTEIN
• HOLSTEIN, FRIEDRICH VON (1837–1909)

HOLSTEIN QUESTION) . Finally, " the protocol " (protocole diplomatique, protocole de chancellerie) is the See also:

• BODY

body of ceremonial rules to be observed in all written or See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official .intercourse between the heads of different states or their ministers . Thus the protocol See also:

• LAYS

lays down in See also:

• GREAT

great detail the styles and titles to be given to states, their heads, and their public ministers, and the honours to be paid to them; it also indicates the forms and customary courtesies to be observed in all See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

international acts . " It is," says M .

See also:

• PRADIER, JAMES (1792–1852)

Pradier-Fodere, " the See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code of international politeness." See P .