PTOLEMIES  , a See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of Macedonian See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings who ruled in See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt from 323 to 30 B.C . The founder, See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

PTOLEMY (IIroXeµacor), son of Lagus, a Macedonian nobleman of Eordaea, was one of See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander the See also:

• GREAT

Great's most trusted generals, and among the seven " See also:

• BODY

body-See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

guards " attached to his See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person . He plays a See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• PART

part in the later See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of Alexander in See also:

• AFGHANISTAN

Afghanistan and See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India . At the See also:

• SUSA (anc. Segusio, q.v.)
• SUSA (Biblical, Shushan)
• SUSA (Fr. Sousse)

Susa See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage festival in 324 Alexander caused him to marry the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian princess Artacama; but there is no further mention of this See also:

• ASIATIC

Asiatic See also:

• BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)

bride in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of Ptolemy . When Alexander died in 323 the resettlement of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire at See also:

• BABYLON (mod. Hillah)

Babylon is said to have been made at Ptolemy's instigation . At any See also:

• RATE

rate he was now appointed See also:

• SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan, i.e." protector (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr

satrap of Egypt under the nominal kings See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip Arrhidaeus and the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young Alexander . He at once took a high See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province by killing Cleomenes, the See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial controller appointed by Alexander the Great; he also subju- gated See also:

• CYRENAICA

Cyrenaica . He contrived to get See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of Alexander's body which was to be interred with great pomp by the imperial See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government and placed it temporarily in See also:

• MEMPHIS

Memphis . This See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act led to an open rupture between Ptolemy and the imperial See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent See also:

• PERDICCAS

Perdiccas . But Perdiccas perished in the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to invade Egypt '(321) . In the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• WARS

wars between the different Macedonian chiefs which followed, Ptolemy's first See also:

• OBJECT

object is to hold his posi- tion in Egypt securely, and secondly to possess the Cyrenaica, See also:

• CYPRUS
• CYPRUS, CHURCH OF

Cyprus and See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine (Coele-See also:

• SYRIA

Syria) . His first occupation of Palestine was in 318, and he established at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time a See also:

• PROTECTORATE

protectorate over the See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty kings of Cyprus .

When Antigonus, See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of See also:

• ASIA

Asia in 315, showed dangerous ambitions, Ptolemy joined the See also:

• COALITION (Lat. coalitio, the verbal substantive of coalescere, to grow together)

coalition against him, and, on the outbreak of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, evacuated Palestine . In Cyprus he fought the 'partisans of Antigonus and reconquered the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island (313) . A revolt of See also:

• CYRENE [mod. Ain Shahat-Grenna]

Cyrene was crushed in the same See also:

• YEAR

year . In 312 Ptolemy, with Seleucus; the fugitive satrap of Babylonia, invaded' Palestine and See also:

• BEAT (a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages; it is connected with the similar Romanic words derived from the Late Lat. battere)

beat See also:

• DEMETRIUS

Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, in the great See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• GAZA (or `AllAH, mod. Ghuzzeh)
• GAZA, THEODORUS (c. 1400-1475)

Gaza . Again he occupied Palestine, and again a few months later, after Demetrius had won a battle over his See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general and Antigonus entered Syria in force, he evacuated it . In 311 a See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace was concluded between the combatants, soon after which the surviving See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king Alexander was murdered in See also:

• MACEDONIA

Macedonia, leaving the satrap of Egypt absolutely his own master . The peace did not last long, and in 309 Ptolemy commanded a See also:

• FLEET

fleet in person which detached the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast towns of See also:

• LYCIA

Lycia and See also:

• CARIA

Caria from See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

Anti- gonus and crossed to See also:

• GREECE

Greece, where Ptolemy took possession of See also:

• CORINTH
• CORINTH, ISTHMUS OF

Corinth, See also:

• SICYON, or SECYON (the latter being the older form used by the natives)

Sicyon and See also:

• MEGARA

Megara (308) . In 306 a great fleet under Demetrius attacked Cyprus, and Ptolemy's See also:

• BROTHER

brother, See also:

• MENELAUS

Menelaus, was defeated and captured in the decisive battle of See also:

• SALAMIS

Salamis . The See also:

• COMPLETE

complete loss of Cyprus followed . Antigonus and Demetrius Rhamphorhynchus phyllurus: restoration by O . C . See also:

• MARSH (O. F. mersc, for merisc, a place full of "meres" or pools; cf. Ger. Meer, sea, Lat. mare)
• MARSH, ADAM (ADAM DE MARISCO) (d. c. 1258)
• MARSH, GEORGE PERKINS (1801-1882)
• MARSH, HERBERT (1757–1839)
• MARSH, NARCISSUS (1638-1713)
• MARSH, OTHNIEL CHARLES (1831-1899)

Marsh, showing extent of flying membranes.—Upper See also:

• JURASSIC

Jurassic (Lithographic See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone); See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria .

now assumed the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of kings; Ptolemy, as well as See also:

• CASSANDER (c. 350—297 B.C.)
• CASSANDER (or CASSANT), GEORGE (1513-1566)

Cassander, See also:

• LYSIMACHUS (c. 355—281 B.C.)

Lysimachus and Seleucus, answered this See also:

• CHALLENGE (O. Fr. chalonge, calenge, &c., from Lat. calumnia, originally meaning trickery, from calvi, to deceive, hence a false accusation, a " calumny ")

challenge by doing the same . In the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter (306-5) Antigonus tried to follow up the victory of Cyprus by invading Egypt, but here Ptolemy was strong, and held the frontier successfully against him . Ptolemy led no further expedition against Antigonus overseas . To the Rhodians, besieged by Demetrius (3o5-4), he sent such help as won him divine honours in See also:

• RHODES
• RHODES, CECIL JOHN (1853-1902)
• RHODES, JAMES FORD

Rhodes and the surname of Soler (" saviour ") . When the coalition was renewed against Antigonus in 302, Ptolemy joined it, and invaded Palestine a third time, whilst Antigonus was engaged with Lysimachus in Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor . On a See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report that Antigonus had won a decisive victory, for a third time he evacuated the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . But when See also:

• NEWS

news came that Antigonus had been defeated and slain at Ipsus (3o1) by Lysimachus and Seleucus, Ptolemy occupied Palestine for the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth time . The other members of the coalition had assigned Palestine to Seleucus after what they regarded as Ptolemy's See also:

• DESERTION

desertion, and for the next See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years the question of its ownership becomes the See also:

• STANDING

standing ground of enmity between the Seleucid and Ptolemaic dynasties . Henceforth, Ptolemy seems to have mingled as little as possible in the broils of Asia Minor and Greece; his possessions in Greece he did not retain, but Cyprus he reconquered in 295-4 . Cyrene, after a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of rebellions, was finally subjugated about 300 and placed under his stepson Magas (Beloch, Griech . Gesch. p . 134 seq.) .

In 285 he abdicated in favour of one of his younger sons by See also:

• BERENICE
• BERENICE, or BERNICE

Berenice (q.v.), who See also:

• BORE

bore his See also:

• FATHER

father's name of Ptolemy; his eldest (legitimate) son, Ptolemy Ceraunus, whose See also:

• MOTHER

mother, See also:

• EURYDICE (Evpuiixq)

Eurydice, the daughter of See also:

• ANTIPATER (398?-319 B.C.)

Antipater, had been repudiated, fled to the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of Lysimachus . Ptolemy I . See also:

• SOTER

Soter died in 283 at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of 84 . Shrewd and cautious, he had a compact and well-ordered See also:

• REALM

realm to show at the end of fifty years of wars . His name for bonhomie and liberality attached the floating soldier-class of Macedonians and Greeks to his service . Nor did he neglect conciliation of the natives . He was a ready See also:

• PATRON

patron of letters, and the great library, which was See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria's See also:

• GLORY (through the O. Fr. glorie, modern gloire, from Lat. gloria, cognate with Gr. KXebs, abets)

glory, owed to him its inception . He wrote himself a history of Alexander's campaigns, distinguished by its straightforward honesty and sobriety .