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PYROMETER (Gr. iri p, fire, µErpov, a measure)

PYROPE (pronounced pirop)

PYROPHORUS (Gr. 7rup, fire, 4 perv, to bear)

PYRRHO OF ELIS (c. 360—270 B.C.)

PYRRHUS (c. 318–272 B.C.)

PYRUVIC ACID, or PYRORACEMIC ACID

PYTHAGORAS (6th century B.C.)

PYTHIS, or PYTHIUS

PYX (Gr. iruVir, a box or chest)

QARAITES, or KARAITES

QARO (or CARO), JOSEPH BEN EPHRAIM (1488-1575)

QUADRATRIX (from Lat. quadrator, squarer)

QUADRATURE (from Lat. quadratura, a making square)

QUADROON (a corruption of quarteroon, Span. cuarteron, from cuarto, Lat. quartos, fourth)

QUAESTOR (from Lat. quaero, investigate)

QUAGGA, or COUAGGA

QUAICH, or QUAIGH

QUAIL (0. Fr. Quaille, Mod. Fr. Caille, Ital. Quaglia, Low Lat. Quaquila, Du. Kwakkel and Kwartel, Ger. Wachtel, Dan. Vagtel)

BART SIR RICHARD QUAIN

QUAINT (O. Fr. cointe, from Lat. cognitus, known, probably influenced by association with Lat. corn plus, neat)

QUANTUM MERUIT (Lat. for " as much as he has de-served ")

QUARANTINE (Fr. quarantaine, a period of forty days 1)

BERNARD QUARITCH (1819-1899)

QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

QUATORZAIN (from Fr. quatorze, fourteen)

JEAN LOUIS ARMAND DE QUATREFAGES DE BREAU (1810-1892)

ETIENNE MARC QUATREMERE (1782-1857)

MATTHEW STANLEY QUAY (1833-1904)

QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS

MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF EARLS QUEENSBERRY

QUEENSTOWN (formerly COVE OF CORK)

QUELPART (CHAT-Ju)

FRIEDRICH AUGUST VON QUENSTEDT (1809–1889)

ANTHERO DE QUENTAL (1842-1891)

JOSEPH MARIE QUERARD (1797-1865)

QUERCY (Lat. pagus Caturcinus, Fr. Cahorsin)

JENARO DE QUESADA Y MATHEUS (1818-1889), 1ST MARQUIS OF MIRAVALLES

FRANCOIS QUESNAY (1694-1774)

PASQUIER QUESNEL (1634-1719)

LAMBERT ADOLPHE JACQUES QUETELET (1796-1874)

FRANCISCO GOMEZ DE QUEVEDO Y VILLEGAS (158o-1645)

QUEZAL, or QUESAL

CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE OF QUIBERON

JULES ETIENNE JOSEPH QUICHERAT (1814-1882)

CAPITULARY OF QUIERZY [KIERSY]

QUILIMANE, or KILMANE (the former being the Portuguese spelling)

JAMES QUIN (1693—1766)

PHILIPPE QUINAULT (1635-1688)

QUINAZOLINES (Phenmiazines or benzopyrimidines)

QUINCE (Lat. Cydonia or Colonea, Ital. Cotogna, Fr. coing, Mid. Eng. coin, quiet, whence a collective plural " quins," corrupted to singular " quince ")

JOSIAH QUINCY (1744–1775)

EDGAR QUINET (1803-1875)

QUINOLINE (Benzopyridine), C9H7N

QUINTAIN (O.. Fr. quintaine, from Lat. quintana, a street between the fifth and sixth maniples of a camp, where warlike exercises took place)

MANUEL JOSE QUINTANA (1772-1857)

QUINTILIAN [MARCUS FABIUS QUINTILIANUS] (C. A.D. 35-95)

QUINTUS AURELIUS SYMMACHUS (C. 345–410)

QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS

QUIPUS (Khipus, Qippos); the ancient Peruvian name for a method of recording which was in use at the time of the arrival of the Spaniards. It consisted of a cord two feet in length to which were attached a series of knotted-strings (Peruv. quipu, a knot)

QUIRE (in earlier forms quaer, quaer and quere, from the O. Fr. quaier, modern cahier, a copy-book, manuscript book; Lat. quaterni, set of four, from quattuor)

QUIRITES (literally " spearmen "; see QuIRINus)

QUOINS (an old variant spelling of " coin," from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

QUOITS (0. Fr. coiter, quoiter, to incite)

QUORUM (Lat. for " of whom ")

HEDWIG RAABE (1844-1905)

WILHELM RAABE (1831-1910)

RABA BEN JOSEPH BEN HAMA (c. 280-352)

RABAH ZOBEIR (d. 'goo)

PAUL RABAUT (1718-1794)

RABBAH BAR NAHMANI (c. 270-0. 330)

RABBAN BAR SAUMA (fl. 128o-1288)

FRANCOIS RABELAIS (c. 1490—1553)

GOTTLIEB WILHELM RABENER (1714–1771)

RACCOON (or RACOON)

RACHEL (1821-1858)

JEAN RACINE (1639-1699)

LOUIS RACINE (1692-1763)

RACQUETS, or RACKETS

RADBERTUS PASCHASIUS (d. c. 86o)

RADCLIFFE COLLEGE

ANN RADCLIFFE (1764-1823)

JOHN RADCLIFFE (1650-1714)

SIR GEORGE RADCLIFFE (1593-1657)

ST RADEGUNDA (d. 587)

COUNT OF RADETZ JOSEF RADETZKY (1766-1858)

THEORY OF RADIATION

RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

RADIUM (from Lat. radius, ray)

EARLS OF RADNOR

RADNORSHIRE (Sir Faesyfed)

JOSEPH MARIA VON RADOWITZ (1797-1853)

JOHN RAE (1813-1893)

SIR HENRY RAEBURN (1756-1823)

RAETIA (so always in inscriptions; in classical MSS. usually RHAETIA)

JOSEPH JOACHIM RAFF (1822-1882)

RAFFAELLINO DEL GARBO (1466, or perhaps 1476-1524)

DENIS AUGUSTE MARIE RAFFET (1804-1860)

SIR THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES (1781-1826)

KARL CHRISTIAN RAFN (1795-1864)

1ST BARON FITZROY JAMES HENRY SOMERSET RAGLAN (1788-1855)

RAGUSA (Serbo-Croatian Dubrovnik)

FRIEDRICH WILHELM RAIFFEISEN (1818-1888)

ROBERT RAIKES (1735–18,x)

ABRAHAM RAIMBACH (1776-1843)

FERDINAND RAIMUND (1990-1836)

RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

RAINOLDS (or REYNOLDS), JOHN (1549-1607)

ROBERT RAINY (1826-1906)

RAIS (or RETZ), GILLES DE (1404-1440)

RAISIN (Fr. raisin, grape; Lat. racemes)

RAJAHMUNDRY, or RAJAMAHENDRI

RAJASTHANI (properly RAJASTHANI, the language of Rajasthan of Rajputana)

RAKE (O.E. rata, cognate with Du. raak, Ger. Rechen, from a root meaning to scrape together, heap up)

SIR WALTER RALEIGH (c. 1552-1618)

RALPH (d. 1122)

RALPH DE GUADER

RALPH OF COGGESHALL (d. after 1227)

RAM MOHAN ROY (1774–1833)

PIERRE FRANCOIS XAVIER DE RAM (18o4-1865)

ALFRED NICOLAS RAMBAUD (1842-1905)

EUGENE RAMBERT (1830-1886)

MARQUISE DE CATHERINE DE VIVONNE RAMBOUILLET (1588-1665)

JEAN PHILIPPE RAMEAU (1683-1764)

RAMESES, or RAMESSES (Gen. xlvii. r1; Exod. xii. 37; Num. xxxiii. 3)

RAMIE (RHEA, CHINA-GRASS)

KARL WILHELM RAMLER (1725–1798)

KARL FRIEDRICH AUGUST RAMMELSBERG (1813-1899)

RAMNICU SARAT (Rimnicu Sdrat)

RAMNICUVALCEA (Rimnicu Vdlcea)

COUNT MARIANO DEL TINDARO RAMPOLLA (1843– )

RAMPUR BOALIA, or BEULEAII

ALLAN RAMSAY (1686-1758)

ALLAN RAMSAY (1713-1784)

ANDREW MICHAEL RAMSAY (1686-1743)

DAVID RAMSAY (1749—1815)

SIR WILLIAM RAMSAY (1852– )

SIR WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY (185r– )

JESSE RAMSDEN (1735-1800)

SIR ANDREW CROMBIE RAMSEY (1814—1891)

RAMUS, PETRUS, or PIERRE DE LA RAMEE (1515-1572)

MAHADEO GOVIND RANADE (1842-1901)

RANAVALO (RANAVALONA) III

ARTHUR RANC (1831–1908)

ARMAND JEAN LE BOUTHILLIER DE RANCE (1626-1700)

SAMUEL JACKSON RANDALL (1828-189o)

EDMUND [JENNINGS] RANDOLPH (1753–1813)

JOHN RANDOLPH (1773–1833)

PEYTON RANDOLPH (1721-1775)

THOMAS RANDOLPH (1523-1590)

THOMAS RANDOLPH (1605-1635)

RANDOM (older forms randon, randrun; from the French, cf. randir, to run quickly, impetuously; generally taken to be of Teutonic origin and connected with Ger. Rand, edge, brim, the idea being possibly of a brimming river)

RANGE TABLE FOR

HENRY WARD RANGER (1858– )

RANGPUR, or RUNGPORE

MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH (178o-1839)

RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

LEOPOLD VON RANKE (1795-1886)

WILLIAM JOHN MACQUORN RANKINE (182o-1872)

RANSOM (from Lat. redemptio, through Fr. rancon)

SIR DINKAR RAO (1819–1896)

RAOUL DE CAMBRAI

DESIRE RAOUL ROCHETTE (1790-1854)

FRANCOIS MARIE RAOULT (1830-1901)

JEAN RAOUX (1677-1734)

RAPE (Lat. rapum or rapa, turnip)

RAPE (from Lat. rapere, to seize)

RAPHAEL (Hebrew smm, " God heals ")

RAPHAEL SANZIO (1483–1520)

PAUL DE RAPIN (1661-1725)

SAMUEL JUDAH LOB RAPOPORT (1790-1867)

RAPPOLTSWEILER (French Ribeauville)

RASHBAM (1085–1174)

RASHI (1040•-1105)

RASMUS CHRISTIAN RASK (1787-1832)

RUDOLF RASPE (MOW, (737-1794)

HORMUZD RASSAM (1826-1910)

RASTELL (or RASTALL), JOHN (d. 1536)

WILLIAM RASTELL (c. 1508-1565)

RAT (a word common to Teut. and Rom. languages; probably first adopted in Teut.; the ultimate origin is not known; Skeat suggests the root rad-, to scratch; cf. Ger. Ratte, Dan. rotte, Fr. rat, &c.)

GERHARD VOM RATH (183o-1888)

RATIBOR (Polish Raciborz)

RATIONALISM (from Lat. rationalis, pertaining to reason, ratio)

LOUIS GUSTAVE FORTUNE RATISBONNE (1827-1900)

RATITAE (from Lat. ratis, a raft)

RATKE (RATCHIUS), WOLFGANG (1571-1635)

RATLAM (or RATLAM)

RATNAPURA (i.e. " The City of Gems ")

RATRAMNUS (d. c. 868)

KARL HEINRICH RAU (1792-1870)

CHRISTIAN DANIEL RAUCH (1777 – 1857)

MLLE RAUCOURT (1756–1815)

RAUDNITZ (Czech Roudnice nad Labem)

FRIEDRICH LUDWIG GEORG VON RAUMER (1781–1873)

ERNST BENJAMIN SALOMO RAUPACH (1784-1852)

FRANCOIS RAVAILLAC (1578–1610)

RAVEN (O.E. hrafn, ,Icel. hrafn, Dan. ravn, Du. raaf, Ger. Rabe)

EXARCHATE OF RAVENNA

EDWARD RAVENSCROFT (fl. 1671-1697)

RAWITSCH (Polish Ravicz)

GEORGE RAWLINSON (1812-1902)

RICHARD RAWLINSON (169o-1755)

SIR HENRY CRESWICKE RAWLINSON (1810—1895)

SIR ROBERT RAWLINSON (1810—1898)

RAY (Lat. raia)

RAY (or WRAY, as he wrote his name till 1670), JOHN (1628-1705)

RAYAH (Arabic ra'iyah, peasants, subjects, flock, herd, ra'a, to pasture, cf. " ryot," an Indo-Persian variant of the same word)

JOHN WILLIAM STRUTT RAYLEIGH

RAYMOND JOSEPH PAUL