See also:

• PYROPHORUS (Gr. 7rup, fire, 4 perv, to bear)

PYROPHORUS (Gr. 7rup, See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire, 4 perv, to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear)  , a substance which spontaneously inflames on contact with the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air . One of yellow See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour and See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue See also:

• FLUORESCENCE

fluorescence . Fisetin or 3.3'•4'-trioxyflavonol, C15H30O6, occurs in the See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood of Quebracho See also:

• COLORADO

colorado, and can be obtained by See also:

• HEATING

heating See also:

• FUSTIC (Fr. fusloc, from Arab. fustuq, Gr. =rw-r&Krl, pistachio) YELLOW

fustic with dilute acids . It crystallizes in See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale yellow needles . In dilute alcoholic alkalis it shows a dark See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green fluorescence . On See also:

• FUSION

fusion with See also:

• CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

caustic alkalis it yields phloroglucin, See also:

• RESORCIN (meta-dioxybenzene), C5H4(OH)2i one of the dihydric phenols. It is obtained on fusing many resins (galbanum, asafoetida, &c.)

resorcin and protocatechuic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid, whilst if air be passed through its alcoholic See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution it yields protocatechuic acid and resorcin . It is obtained synthetically from 2-oxy-3.4-dimethoxy-4-ethoxy-chalkone . The various steps in this See also:

• SYNTHESIS (Gr. a6vOeacs, from avvrcBivac, to put together)

synthesis are shown below, since the method employed is applicable to other members of the See also:

• GROUP

group . C2H5 C6H3' COCH3+OHC' CsH3(OCH3)2 --~ C2H5 C6H3' CO' CH : C H' C6H3(OCH3) 2 110/ 0 CH'C6H3(OCH3)2C2HSO' " \CH'C6H3(OCH3)2 O/C.VOH \C0/H2 0 C2H5ol \CH'C6H3(OCH3)2 This structure of the fisetin See also:

• MOLECULE (from mod. Lat. molecula, the diminutive of moles, a mass)

molecule was confirmed by Herzig (Monats., 1891, 12, p . 177), who showed that the tetraethyl See also:

• ETHER, (C2H5)2O

ether of fisetin on See also:

• HYDROLYSIS (Gr. 6Swp, water, Anew, to loosen)

hydrolysis with alcoholic potash gave diethylprotocatechuic acid and diethylfisetol, the latter on oxidation yielding See also:

• ETHYL

ethyl-f3-resorcylic acid, which had been previously obtained by oxidizing resacetophenone ethyl ether . Luteolin or 1.3.3'•4'-tetroxyflavone, C,5H1006, is found in the weld obtained from Reseda luleola . It crystallizes in small yellow needles, which dissolve in solutions of the caustic alkalis with a See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright yellow colour .

On fusion with caustic alkalis it yields phloroglucin and protocatechuic acid . It is obtained synthetically from I.3.3''4'-tetramethoxy-flavanone by bromination, the tribromo-See also:

• COMPOUND
• COMPOUND (from Lat. componere, to combine or put together)

compound being decomposed by the successive use of alcoholic potash and concentrated hydriodic acid . Quercetin or I.3.3'•4'-tetroxyflavonol, C15H1007, is a decomposition product of quercitrin rind, and is found in many See also:

• PLANTS

plants . It is obtained by the hydrolysis of quercitrin with dilute sulphuric acid . It is a pale yellow crystalline See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder . See also:

• ALCOHOL

Alcohol hydrolyses it to protocatechuic acid and phloroglucin . It is prepared synthetic-ally from 2-hydroxy-3.4.4'•6'-tetramethoxy-chalkone . Rhamnetin, C,5H906.00H3, the monomethyl ether, is a pale yellow powder . Rhamnazin, C15H5O5(OCH3)2, the dimethyl ether, crystallizes in yellow needles . See also:

• MORIN, JEAN (latinized JOANNES MORINUS) (1591-1659)

Morin or I.3.2'•4'.tetroxyflavonol, C,5H,007, occurs In the wood of Autscorpis integrifolia, and crystallizes in See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long yellow needles, which on fusion with caustic See also:

• ALKALI

alkali decompose into phloroglucin, resorcin and oxalic acid . On reduction with See also:

• SODIUM [symbol Na, from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 (0=16)]

sodium See also:

• AMALGAM

amalgam in alkaline solution it yields phloroglucin and ,B-resorcylic acid . It yields a tetramethyl ether and a penta-acetate .

It has been synthesized from 1.3.2'•4'-tetramethoxy flayanone by converting this into its isonitroso compound, which yields morin trimeth l ether on hydrolysis by sulphuric acid . Myricetin or 1.3'3'4 •5'-penta-oxy flavonol, C15H1008, found in the rind of Myrica nagi and also in Sicilian See also:

• SUMACH

sumach, crystallizes in yellow needles which dissolve with a green colour in dilute alkalis . On fusion with caustic alkalis it yields gallic acid and phloroglucin . The See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent substance of the group, namely chroman (annexed See also:

• FORMULA
• FORMULA (Lat. diminutive of forma, shape, pattern, &c., especially used of rules of judicial procedure)

formula), was obtained by J. v . Braun and A . H2•See also:

• CH2
• CH2(OH)

CH2 Steindorff in 1905 (Ber., 38, p . 850) by diazotizing I , ortho-amino-y-chlorpropylhenzene and heating O—CH2 the resulting chlorpropylphenol with a caustic alkali . It is a colourless oil which boils at 214–215e C. and possesses a characteristic See also:

• PEPPERMINT

peppermint odour . For the dibenzo-See also:

• PYRONES

pyrones see See also:

• XANTHONE (dibenzo-y-pyrone, or diphenylene ketone oxide)

XANTHONE .