C4H5N See also:

• C4H5N PYRROL

PYRROL  or C41;T4•NH, an organic See also:

• BASE

base found in See also:

• COAL

coal-See also:

• TAR

tar and See also:

• DIPPEL, JOHANN KONRAD (1673-1734)

Dippel's oil . It may be synthetically prepared by the dry See also:

• DISTILLATION (from the Lat. distillare, more correctly destillare, to drop or trickle down)

distillation of ammonium mucate, or, better, by See also:

• HEATING

heating it with See also:

• GLYCERIN, GLYCERINE

glycerin to 180-200° C . (H . Schwanert, See also:

• ANN

Ann., 186o, 116, p . 257); by passing the vapour of diethylamine through a red-hot See also:

• TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube; by distilling succinimide with See also:

• ZINC

zinc dust (C . A . See also:

• BELL
• BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
• BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
• BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
• BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
• BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
• BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
• BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
• BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
• BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
• BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
• BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)

Bell, Ber., 188o, 13, p . 877); by distilling See also:

• CALCIUM [symbol Ca, atomic weight 40.0 (o= x6)]

calcium pyroglutaminate: H02C' CH(See also:

• NH2

NH2)'See also:

• CH2
• CH2(OH)

CH2'CH2 See also:

• CO2H

CO2H = C4H4NH+See also:

• CO2

CO2+2H20 (L . Haitinger, Monats., 1882, 3, p . 228); and by boiling succinic dialdehyde.with See also:

• AMMONIA (NH3)

ammonia and glacial acetic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid (C . Harries, Ber., 1901, 34, p . 1497) .

It is a feebly basic, colourless liquid which boils at 13o° C., and possesses a See also:

• SMELL (connected etymologically with " smoulder " and " smoke ")

smell resembling that of See also:

• CHLOROFORM (trichlor-methane), CHC13

chloroform . It is slightly soluble in See also:

• WATER

water, and turns See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown on exposure to See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air . It has to some extent the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of a secondary amine; the See also:

• HYDROGEN [symbol H, atomic weight x-oo8 (0=16)]

hydrogen of the imino See also:

• GROUP

group can he replaced by See also:

• POTASSIUM [symbol K (from kalium), atomic weight 39.114 0=16)]

potassium . It is resinified by the See also:

• ACTION

action of concentrated See also:

• MINERAL

mineral acids . On warming solutions of See also:

• PYRROL, C4H5N

pyrrol in dilute acid, ammonia is evolved, and an amorphous See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder of variable See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition, known as pyrrol-red, separates out . The pyrrol See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring is easily broken, e.g. See also:

• HYDROXYLAMINE, NH2OH

hydroxylamine gives the dioxime of succinic aldehyde . Pyrrol is readily converted into See also:

• PYRIDINE

pyridine derivatives by acting with bromoform, chloroform, or methylene iodide on its potassium See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt, /3-brom-and /3-chlorpyridine being obtained with the first two compounds, and pyridine itself with the last . See also:

• IODINE (symbol I, atomic weight '26.92)

Iodine in alkaline See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution converts pyrrol into iodol (tetra-iodopyrrol), crystallizing in yellowish-brown needles, which decompose on heating . It may also be prepared by heating tetra-brom- or tetra-chlorpyrrol with potassium iodide in alcoholic solution (See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German patent, 384231 1886) . It is used as an antiseptic . Zinc dust and hydrochloric acid reduce pyrrol to pyrrolin (dihydropyrrol), C4H6•NH, a liquid which boils at 9o° C . (748 mm.); it is soluble in water and has strongly basic properties and an alkaline reaction .

Hydriodic acid at high temperature reduces pyrrol to pyrrolidine (tetra-hydropyrrol), C4HSNH . Pyrrolidine has also been prepared by A . Thiele (Ber., 1905, 38, p . 4Ip4) from ,B-chlorpropionic aldehyde diethyl acetal . The See also:

• CHLORINE (symbol Cl, atomic weight 35`46 (0=16)

chlorine See also:

• ATOM (Gr. &rows, indivisible, from a- privative, and TE,aPfw, to cut)

atom in this See also:

• COMPOUND
• COMPOUND (from Lat. componere, to combine or put together)

compound is replaced by the cyano-group, which is then reduced to. the CH2NH2. group and coupled up with See also:

• BENZENE, C6H6

benzene sulphochloride to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the compound C6H5S02NH(CH2)2.CH(OC2H6)2• This substance easily splits out See also:

• ALCOHOL

alcohol, and the ring compound then formed yields pyrrolidine on reduction by See also:

• SODIUM [symbol Na, from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 (0=16)]

sodium in amyl alcohol solution . An a-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid and its hydroxy derivatives have been detected by E . See also:

• FISCHER
• FISCHER, EMIL (1852– )
• FISCHER, ERNST KUNO BERTHOLD (1824–1907)

Fischer among the products of See also:

• HYDROLYSIS (Gr. 6Swp, water, Anew, to loosen)

hydrolysis of proteids . R . Willstatter (Ber., 1900, 33, p . 1164) obtained this acid by the action of a methyl alcoholic solution of ammonia on dibrompropylmalonic ester at 140° C., the diamide formed being then hydrolysed either by hydrochloric acid or baryta water : CH2•CBr(CO2H)2 CH2• (CONH2) CH2• CH(CO2H) I —s I )NH—a >NH . CH2•CH2Br CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 Numerous substitution derivatives of pyrrol are known . The N-derivatives are prepared by the action of alkyl halides and acid chlorides on potassium pyrrol .

The C-derivatives have been prepared in various ways . L . Knorr, by the action of ammonia on aceto-acetic ester, obtained 19-imidobutyric ester, which with nitrous acid yields a-isonitroso-$-imidobutyric ester, See also:

• CH3

CH3.C(:NH)•C(:N•OH)•CO2C2H6 . Reduction of this ester leads to the formation of ammonia, hydroxylamine, and dimethyl pyrrol dicarboxylic ester, HN/C(CH3) : C44 •CO2R \C(CO2R) :C•CH3• He also found that diaceto succinic ester reacts with compounds of the type NH2R(R=H, CH2, OH, NHC6H6, &c.) to form pyrrol derivatives :propionic acid with 'hydroxylamine . It is monobasic and yields salts which only crystallize with See also:

• GREAT

great difficulty; when liberated from these salts by a mineral acid it forms a syrupy non-volatile See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass . In aqueous solution it gives a red See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour with ferric chloride . It shows characteristic ketone reactions, yielding a bisulphite compound and combining with hydro-cyanic acid to form the nitrile of a-oxyisosuccinic acid . When warmed with baryta water it gives uvitic acid . Pyruvic nitrile, or acetyl See also:

• CYANIDE

cyanide, See also:

• CH3CO(4)

CH3CO•CN, may be prepared by the action of See also:

• SILVER

silver cyanide on acetyl chloride ; or of acetyl chloride on nitrosoacetone (L . Claisen and O . Manasse, Ber., .1887, 2o, p . 2196) .

It is a liquid which boils at 93° C. and with See also:

• CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

caustic alkalis polymerizes to diacetyldicyanide .