See also:

• PYX (Gr. iruVir, a box or chest)

PYX (Gr. iruVir, a See also:

• BOX
• BOX (Gr. irl or, Lat. buxus, box-wood; cf. 2r6Eir, a pyx)

box or See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest)  , a See also:

• TERM

term for various forms of receptacle . In ecclesiastical usage it is the sacred See also:

• VASE
• VASE (through Fr. from Lat. vas, a vessel, pl. vasa, of which the singular vasum is rarely found; the ultimate root is probably was-, to cover, seen in Lat: vestis, clothing, Eng. " vest," Gr. to-th c, and also in " wear," of garments)

vase or See also:

• TABERNACLE
• TABERNACLE (Lat. tabernaculum, a hut, tent)

tabernacle in which the See also:

• HOST

Host is reserved . In the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• MINT
• MINT (Lat. moneta; Mid. Eng. mynt)

Mint the See also:

• PYX (Gr. iruVir, a box or chest)

pyx is the See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest in which are placed one See also:

• COIN
• COIN (older forms of the word are coyne, quoin and coign, all derived through the O. Fr. coing, and cuigne from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

coin from every 15 lb of newly coined See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold and one from every 6o lb of newly coined See also:

• SILVER

silver to await the " trial of the pyx " (see Mira) . This chest was formerly kept in the See also:

• CHAPEL

Chapel of the Pyx in See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey . Q the See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter which immediately succeeds P in the See also:

• ALPHABET (see also WRITING)

alphabet of Latin and the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages of western See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . It represents the Koppa of the earliest See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek alphabets surviving in that See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of the Ionic alphabet, which ultimately superseded all others, merely as the numerical See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol for 9o . In the Phoenician alphabet a sibilant Zade (Tzaddi) stands between q and p . Hence Q is the nineteenth letter in the Phoenician alphabet, the eighteenth in the Greek numerical alphabet, which alone contains it, the sixteenth (owing to the omission of B and E) in the Latin, and (from the addition of J) the seventeenth in the English alphabet . Its earliest form is a rough See also:

• ELLIPSE (adapted from Gr. EXkei 'tc, a deficiency, iXXeirely, to fall behind)

ellipse transfixed by an upright See also:

• LINE

line, c . In various Semitic alphabets this has been altered out of recognition, apparently from the See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing of the symbol in cursive See also:

• HANDWRITING

handwriting without lifting the See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen . As a result forms like P 1` are See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed . In See also:

• GREECE

Greece the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the symbol is generally circular, and only in a few See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions is the upright carried through the circle, T .

The See also:

• COMMON

common form is Q with the upright See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short . This is also the earliest form in the Latin alphabet, but forms with the upright turned to the right as in a modern Q are found in the Republican See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, while this tail becomes longer and curved in the early See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire . The See also:

• PRONUNCIATION (Lat. pronuntiatio, from pronuntiare, proclaim, announce, pronounce)

pronunciation of the Semitic Koph (Q6f) was that of a velar guttural produced against the back See also:

• PART

part of the soft See also:

• PALATE (Lat. palatum, possibly from the root of pascere, to feed)

palate with See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy (hence called an " emphatic " See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound) . In Greek there is no See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that ? was pronounced differently from K; hence no doubt its early disappearance in most dialects . It survived longest when followed by o or v, as at the beginning of the name of the See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• CORINTH
• CORINTH, ISTHMUS OF

Corinth . In Latin it is regularly used in See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination with u . In classical Latin its use is confined to the cases where, as in English See also:

• QUILL

quill, &c., the u is pronounced as w before a following vowel, but in old Latin it is found also in other combinations . Many languages find the combination qu, when both sounds are consonantal (qw), difficult; q being the deepest guttural while u (English w) is a See also:

• LIP (a word common in various forms, to Teutonic languages, cf Ger. Lippe, Dan. laebe; Lat. labium is cognate)

lip sound, the points of See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production are nearly as far See also:

• SEPARATE

separate as they can be . There is thus a tendency to assimilation, and instead of a guttural followed by a labial semi-vowel, a new labial consonant p is produced . In Greek this is common when the combination is followed by the vowel o, as in ir6, lroi, &c., from the same stem as the Latin quo, gui, &c . This, however, is not found in all dialects alike (see GREEK See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

LANGUAGE) . In other languages, like Oscan and Umbrian which are closely akin to Latin, or the Welsh See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

• CELTIC

Celtic languages, p occurs regularly without regard to the nature of the vowel following .

Thus, corresponding to the Latin quattuor, we find the Oscan petora, the Gaulish petor-ritum, " four-See also:

• WHEELER, JOSEPH (1836-1906)
• WHEELER, WILLIAM ALMON (1819-1887)

wheeler," the Welsh pedwar, " four," &c., while the Irish cetlair, " four," corresponds more closely to the Latin . (P .