See also:

• QARO (or CARO), JOSEPH BEN EPHRAIM (1488-1575)

QARO (or See also:

• CARO, ANNIBALE (1507-1566)
• CARO, ELME MARIE (1826-1887)

CARO), See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

JOSEPH See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

BEN See also:

• EPHRAIM

EPHRAIM (1488-1575)  , codifier of Jewish See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, whose See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code is still authoritative with the See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1488 . As a See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child he shared in the See also:

• EXPULSION (Lat. expulsio, from expellere)

expulsion from See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain (1492), and like most prominent Jews of the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period was forced to migrate from See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place to place . In 1535 he settled in Safed, See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine, where he spent the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his See also:

• LIFE

life . Safed was then the headquarters of Jewish See also:

• MYSTICISM (from Or. µuety, to shut the eyes; µuorrts, one initiated into the mysteries)

mysticism . See also:

• QARO (or CARO), JOSEPH BEN EPHRAIM (1488-1575)

Qaro was himself a mystic, for the tribulations of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time turned many men's minds towards Messianic hopes; nor was he by any means the only See also:

• GREAT

great Jewish legalist who was also a mystic . Mysticism in such minds did not take the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a revolt against authority, but was rather the spiritual See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

flower of See also:

• PIETISM

pietism than an expression of antinomianism . It is, however, as a legalist that Qaro is best known . In learning and See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power he was second only to See also:

• MAIMONIDES

Maimonides in the See also:

• REALM

realm of Jewish law . He was the author of two great See also:

• WORKS

works, the second of which, though inferior as an intellectual feat, has surpassed the first in popularity . This was inevitable, for the earlier and greater See also:

• BOOK

book was designed exclusively for specialists . It was in the form of a commentary (entitled Beth Yoseph) on the Turim (see 'See also:

• ASHER

ASHER See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

BEN YEHIEL) . In this commentary Qaro shows an astounding mastery over the See also:

• TALMUD

Talmud and the legalistic literature of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages .

He See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt called upon to systematize the See also:

• LAWS

laws and customs of Judaism in See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of the disintegration caused by the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish expulsion . But the Beth Yoseph is by no means systematic . Qaro's real aim was effected by his second See also:

• WORK

work, the Shulltan 'Arukh (" Table Prepared ") . Finished in 1555, this code was published in four parts in 1565 . The work was not accepted without protest and See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism, but after the See also:

• LAPSE (Lat. lapses, a slip or departure)

lapse of a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and in consequence of certain revisions and amplifications, it became the almost unquestioned authority of the whole Jewish See also:

• WORLD

world . Its See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence was to some extent evil . It "put Judaism into a strait-jacket." See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence of See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment was inhibited, and the code stood in the way of progressive See also:

• ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to)

adaptation of Jewish life to the life of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . It included trivialities by the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of great principles, and retained elements from the past which deserved to fall into oblivion . But its See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good effects far outweighed the See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad . It was a See also:

• BOND
• BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898)

bond of See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union, a See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar to latitudinarianism, an accessible See also:

• GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

guide to See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual, See also:

• ETHICS
• ETHICS, SHAFTESBURY, HOBBES

ethics and law . Above all, it gave a new See also:

• LEASE (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. laxare, to loosen)

lease of life to the great theory which identified life with See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . It sanctified the See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home, it dignified See also:

• COMMON

common pursuits .

When, however, the era of reform dawned in the 19th century, the new Judaism found itself impelled to assume an attitude of hostility to Qaro's code . See See also:

• GRAETZ, HEINRICH (1817–1891)

Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, vol. ix . (See also:

• ENGLISH

English trans. vol. iv.); Ginzberg, in Jewish Encyclopedia, arts . " See also:

• CARO, ANNIBALE (1507-1566)
• CARO, ELME MARIE (1826-1887)

Caro "and" Codification "; Schechter, Studies in Judaism, second See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, pp . 202 seq . (I .