See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

LOUIS ARMAND DE QUATREFAGES DE BREAU (1810-1892)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French naturalist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Berthezene, near Vallerangue (See also:

• GARD

Gard), on the loth of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 181o, the son of a See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• FARMER, RICHARD (1735–1787)

farmer . He studied See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine at See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, where he took the See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double' degree of MD. and D.Sc., one of his theses being a Theorie d'un coup de See also:

• CANON

canon (See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1829); next See also:

• YEAR

year he published a See also:

• BOOK

book, Sur See also:

• LES

les aerolithes, and in 1832 a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise on L'Extraversion de la vessie . Removing to See also:

• TOULOUSE
• TOULOUSE, LOUIS ALEXANDRE DE BOURBON, COUNT OF (1678-1737)

Toulouse, he practised medicine for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and contributed various See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs to the See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal de medecine and to the Annales See also:

• DES

des sciences naturelles (1834-36) . But being unable to continue his researches in the provinces, he resigned the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of See also:

• ZOOLOGY (from Gr. Nov, a living thing, and ?byos, theory)

zoology to which he had been appointed, and in 1839 settled in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where he found in H . Milne-See also:

• EDWARDS, AMELIA ANN BLANDFORD (1831-1892)
• EDWARDS, BELA BATES (18o2-1852)
• EDWARDS, BRYAN (1743–1800)
• EDWARDS, GEORGE (1693–1773)
• EDWARDS, HENRY THOMAS (1837–1884)
• EDWARDS, JONATHAN (1703—1758)
• EDWARDS, LEWIS (1806–1887 )
• EDWARDS, RICHARD (c. 1523–1566)
• EDWARDS, T
• EDWARDS, THOMAS CHARLES (1837–1900)

Edwards a See also:

• PATRON

patron and a friend . Elected See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of natural See also:

• HISTORY

history at the Lycee See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon in 185o, he became a member of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of Sciences in 1852, and in 1855 was called to the chair of See also:

• ANTHROPOLOGY (Gr. avOpw1ror man, and Xoyos, theory or science)

anthropology and ethnography at the Musee d'histoire naturelle . Other distinctions followed rapidly, and continued to the end of his otherwise uneventful career, the more important being honorary member of the Royal Society of See also:

• LONDON

London (See also:

• JUNE

June 1879), member of the See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute and of the Academie de medecine, and See also:

• COMMANDER

commander of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour (1881) . He died in Paris on the 12th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1892 . He was an accurate observer and unwearied See also:

• COLLECTOR

collector of zoological materials, gifted with remarkable descrinlrive See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, and possessed of a clear, vigorous See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, but c Knewhat deficient in deep philosophic insight . Hence his serious studies on the anatomical characters of the See also:

• LOWER

lower and higher organisms, See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man included, will retain their value, while many of his theories and generalizations, especially in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• ETHNOLOGY

ethnology, are already forgotten . The See also:

• WORK

work of de Quatrefages ranged over the whole See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of zoology from the annelids and other See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low organisms to the anthropoids and man . Of his numerous essays in scientific See also:

• PERIODICALS

periodicals, the more important were: Considerations sur les caracteres zoologiques des rongeurs (184o) ; " De I'or anisation des animaux sans vertebres des See also:

• COTES, ROGER (1682-1716)

Cotes de la See also:

• MANCHE

Manche " (See also:

• ANN

Ann .

Sc . Nat., 1844) ; " Recherches sur le systeme nerveux, 1'embryogenie, les See also:

• ORGANS

organs des See also:

• SENS

sens, et la circulation des annelides " (Ibid., 1844–50) ; " Sur les affinites et les analogies des lombrics et des sangsues " (Ibid.) ; " Sur 1'histoire naturelle des tarets " (Ibid., 1848–49) . Then there is the vast See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series issued under the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of " Etudes sur les types inferieurs de 1'embranchement des anneles," and the results of several scientific expeditions to the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlands, See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy and See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily, forming a series of articles in the Revue des deux mondes, or embodied in the Souvenirs d'un natural-isle (2 vols., 1854) . These were followed in See also:

• QUICK

quick See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession by the Physiologie comparee, metamorphoses de l'homme et des animaux (1862); Les Polynesiens et leurs migrations (1866); Histoire naturelle des anneles marins et de l'eau See also:

• DOUCE, FRANCIS (1757-1834)

douce (2 vols., 1866) ; La Rochelle et ses environs (1866); Rapport sur les progres de l'anthropologie (1867); Ch . See also:

• DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT (1809-1882)
• DARWIN, ERASMUS (1731-1802)

Darwin et ses precurseurs See also:

• FRANCAIS, ANTOINE, COUNT (1756-1836)

francais (187o), a study of See also:

• EVOLUTION

evolution in which the writer takes somewhat the same attitude as A . R . See also:

• WALLACE, ALFRED RUSSEL (1823— )
• WALLACE, LEWIS [LEW] (1827—1905)
• WALLACE, SIR RICHARD
• WALLACE, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1270-1305)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1768-1843)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1844-1897)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM VINCENT (1814-1865)

Wallace, combating the Darwinian See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine in its application to man; La See also:

• RACE

Race prussienne (1871); Crania Ethnica, jointly with Dr Hamy (2 vols., with 100 plates, 1875–82), a classical work based on French and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign anthropological data, analogous to the Crania Britannica of Thurnam and See also:

• DAVIS (or DAVYS), JOHN (1550 ?-16o5)
• DAVIS, ANDREW JACKSON (1826—1910)
• DAVIS, CHARLES HOWARD (1857- )
• DAVIS, CUSHMAN KELLOGG (1838-1900)
• DAVIS, HENRY WILLIAM BANKS (1833- )
• DAVIS, HENRY WINTER (1817-1865)
• DAVIS, JEFFERSON (1808–1889)
• DAVIS, THOMAS OSBORNE (1814–1845)

Davis, and to S . G . See also:

• MORTON, JAMES DOUGLAS, 4TH EARL OF (c. 1525-1581)
• MORTON, JOHN (c. 1420-1500)
• MORTON, JOHN MADDISON (1811-1891)
• MORTON, LEVI PARSONS (1824- )
• MORTON, OLIVER PERRY (1823-1877)
• MORTON, THOMAS (1564-1659)
• MORTON, THOMAS (c. 1590-1646)

Morton's Crania Americana and Crania Aegyptiaca; L'Espece humaine (1877); Nouvelles Etudes sur la See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution geographique des See also:

• NEGRITOS (Span. for " little negroes ")

negritos (1882); Hommes fossiles et hommes sauvages (1884); and Histoire generale des races humaines (2 vols., 1886–89), the first See also:

• VOLUME

volume being See also:

• INTRODUCTORY

introductory, while the second attempts a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification of mankind .