FRANCISCO See also:

• GOMEZ, DIOGO (DIEGO) (ff. 1440-1482)

GOMEZ DE QUEVEDO Y See also:

• VILLEGAS, ESTEBAN MANUEL DE (1589-1669)

VILLEGAS (158o-1645)  , See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish satirist and poet, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• MADRID

Madrid, where his See also:

• FATHER

father, who came from the mountains of See also:

• BURGOS

Burgos, was secretary to See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, See also:

• FOURTH

fourth wife of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II . See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early See also:

• LEFT

left an See also:

• ORPHAN

orphan, Quevedo was educated at the university of See also:

• ALCALA (Moorish al Kala, the " Fortress " or " Castle ")

Alcala, where he acquired a knowledge of classical and See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• TONGUES, GIFT OF, or GLOSSOLALIA (yXwova, tongue, aXeiv, speak)

tongues —of See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian and See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew and Arabic, of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology, See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, and See also:

• ECONOMICS

economics . His fame reached beyond See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain; at twenty-one he was in See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with Justus See also:

• LIPSIUS, JUSTUS (1547-16o6)
• LIPSIUS, RICHARD ADELBERT (183o-1892)

Lipsius on questions of See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and Latin literature . His abstruse studies influenced Quevedo's See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style; to them are due the pedantic traits and See also:

• MANIA

mania for quotations which characterize most of his See also:

• WORKS

works . He betook himself to the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court and mingled with the society that surrounded Philip III . The cynical greed of ministers, the meanness of their flatterers, the corruption of the royal See also:

• OFFICERS

officers, the See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial scandals, afforded ample See also:

• SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)

scope to Quevedo's See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent as a painter of See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners . At See also:

• VALLADOLID

Valladolid, where the court resided from 16o1 to 1606, he mingled freely with these intrigues and disorders, and lost the purity of his morals but not his uprightness and integrity . In 1611 he fought a See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel in which his adversary was killed, fled to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, and later on became secretary to Pedro Tellez Gir6n, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke de See also:

• OSUNA
• OSUNA, PEDRO TELLEZ GIRON

Osuna, and See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy of See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples . Thus he learned. politics—the one See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science which he had perhaps till then neglected, initiated himself into the questions that divided See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, and penetrated the ambitions of the neighbours of Spain, as well as the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret See also:

• HISTORY

history of the intriguers protected by the favour of Philip III . The result was that he wrote several See also:

• POLITICAL

political works, particularly a lengthy See also:

• TREATISE

treatise, La Politica de Dios (1626), in which he See also:

• LAYS

lays down the duties of See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings by displaying to them how See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ has governed His See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church . The disgrace of Osuna (162o) compromised Quevedo, who was arrested and exiled to his See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate at La Torre de Juan Abad in New See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile . Though involved in the See also:

• PROCESS

process against the duke, Quevedo remained faithful to his See also:

• PATRON

patron, and See also:

• BORE

bore banishment with resignation .

On the See also:

• DEATH

death of Philip III . (31st of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1621) he recommended himself to the first See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the new See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king by celebrating his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power and saluting him as the vindicator of public morality in an See also:

• EPISTLE

epistle in the style of See also:

• JUVENAL (DECIMUS JUNIUS JUVENALIS) (c. 60-140)

Juvenal . See also:

• OLIVARES, GASPAR DE GUZMAN

Olivares recalled him from his See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile and gave him an honorary See also:

• POST

post in the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, and from this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time Quevedo resided almost constantly at court, exercising a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of political and See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction due to his varied relations and knowledge, but especially to his biting wit, which had no respect for persons . See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General politics, social See also:

• ECONOMY

economy, See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, See also:

• FINANCE

finance, literary and religious questions, all came under his dissecting See also:

• KNIFE (0. E. cuff, a word appearing in different forms in many Teutonic languages, cf. Du. knijf, Ger. Kneif, a shoe-maker's knife, Swed. knif; the ultimate origin is unknown; Skeat finds the origin in the root of " nip," formerly " knip "; Fr. canif is a

knife, and he had a dissertation, a pamphlet, or a See also:

• SONG

song for everything . One See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day he is defending St See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James, the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole patron of Spain, against a powerful coterie that wished to See also:

• ASSOCIATE (Lat. associates, from ad, to, and sociare to join)

associate St See also:

• THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

Theresa with him; next day he is See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing against the duke of See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy, the hidden enemy of Spain, or against the See also:

• MEASURES

measures taken to See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change the value of the currency; or once more he is engaged with the literary school of G6ngora, whose affectations seem to him to See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

sin against the See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius of the Castilian See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue . And in the midst of this incessant controversy on every possible subject he finds time to compose a See also:

• PICARESQUE

picaresque See also:

• ROMANCE

romance, the Historia de la See also:

• VIDA, MARCO GIROLAMO (c. 1489-1566)

Vida del Buscon, Ilamado See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don Pablos, Exemplo de Vagamundos, y Espejo de Tacanos (1626); to write his Suenos (1627), in which all classes are flagellated; to See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen a dissertation on The Constancy and See also:

• PATIENCE

Patience of See also:

• JOB

Job (1631), to translate St See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis de Sales and See also:

• SENECA

Seneca, to compose thousands of verses, and to correspond with Spanish and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign scholars . But Quevedo was not to maintain unscathed the high position won by his knowledge, talent, and biting wit . The See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of Olivares, which he had welcomed as the See also:

• DAWN (the 16th-century form of the earlier " Jawing " or " dawning," from an old verb " daw," O. Eng. dagian, to become day; cf. Dutch dagen, and Ger. tagen)

dawn of a political and social regeneration, made things worse instead of better, and led the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country to ruin . Quevedo saw this and could not hold his See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace . An See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition in See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse enumerating the grievances of his subjects was found, in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1639, under the very napkin of Philip IV . It was shown to Olivares, who exclaimed, " I am ruined "; but before his fall he sought vengeance on the libeller . His suspicions See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell on Quevedo, who had enemies glad to confirm them .

Quevedo was arrested on December 7, and carried under a strong escort to the monastery of St See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

Mark at See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

Leon, where he was kept in rigorous confinement till the fall of the minister (See also:

• JANUARY

January 1643) restored him to See also:

• LIGHT

light and freedom, but not to the See also:

• HEALTH

health which he had lost in his See also:

• DUNGEON

dungeon . He had little more than two years to live, and these were spent in inactive See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat, first at La Torre de Juan Abad, and then at the neighbouring Villanueva de los Infantes, where he died See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 8, 1645 . As a satirist and humorist Quevedo stands in the first See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of Spanish writers; his other literary See also:

• WORK

work does not See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count for much . I . I . Chifflet, in a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 2, 1629, calls him " a very learned See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man to be a Spaniard," and indeed his erudition was of a solid kind, but he 'merits See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention not as humanist, philosopher, and moralist, but as the keen polemic writer, the pitiless mocker, the profound observer of all that is See also:

• BASE

base and absurd in human nature, and at the same time as a finished See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of style and of all the secrets of the-Spanish tongue . His style, indeed, is not absolutely pure; though he ridiculed so well the See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste of culteranismo, he fell him-self into the style called conceptismo, which strains after ambiguous expressions and alembicated " points." But, though involved and overcharged with ideas, his diction is of singular force and originality; after Cervantes he is the greatest Spanish See also:

• PROSE

prose writer of the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . There is an excellent collected edition of Quevedo's prose works with 'a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• LIFE

life of the author by D . Aureliano See also:

• FERNANDEZ, ALVARO
• FERNANDEZ, DIEGO
• FERNANDEZ, JOHN (Joao, Joam)
• FERNANDEZ, JUAN (fl. c. 1570)
• FERNANDEZ, LUCAS

Fernandez-Guerra (Bib .. Ribadeneyra, vols. See also:

• XXIII

xxiii. and xlviii.); his poetical works in vol . Ixix. of the same collection are badly edited by D . Florencio Janer .

There is a second edition, enlarged and annotated by Senor Menendez y Pelayo . E . See also:

• MERIMEE, PROSPER (1803-1870)

Merimee, in Essai sur la See also:

• VIE

vie et See also:

• LES

les reveres de Francisco de Quevedo (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1886), has supplied an excellent See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical and See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical monograph with a bibliography . (J .