JULES See also:

• ETIENNE, CHARLES GUILLAUME (1778-1845)

ETIENNE See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

JOSEPH See also:

• JULES ETIENNE JOSEPH QUICHERAT (1814-1882)

QUICHERAT (1814-1882)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French historian and archaeologist, was of Burgundian origin . His See also:

• FATHER

father, a working See also:

• CABINET

cabinet-maker, came from Paray le Monial to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris to support his large See also:

• FAMILY

family; See also:

• QUICHERAT, JULES ETIENNE JOSEPH (1814-1882)

Quicherat was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born there on the 13th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1814 . He was fifteen years younger than his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis, a See also:

• GREAT

great Latin See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar and lexicographer, who survived him . Although very poor, he was admitted to the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of Sainte-Barbe, where he received a thorough classical See also:

• EDUCATION

education . He showed his gratitude to this See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment by See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing its See also:

• HISTORY

history (Histoire de Sainte-Barbe, college, com- munaute, institution, 3 vols . 186o-1864) . At the end of his studies he hesitated for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time before deciding what career he would follow, until See also:

• MICHELET, JULES (1798-1874)

Michelet put an end to his indecision by inspiring him with a See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste for history . In 1835 Quicherat entered the Ecole See also:

• DES

des Chartes; he See also:

• LEFT

left two years later at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the college . Once more inspired by the example of Michelet, who had just written an admirable See also:

• WORK

work on See also:

• JOAN

Joan of Arc (q.v.), he published the See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text of the two trials of Joan, adding much contemporary See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence on her heroism in his Prods de condamnation et de rehabilitation de Jeanne d'Arc (s vols . 1841-1849), as well as See also:

• HALF

half a See also:

• VOLUME

volume of Apercus nouveaux sur l'histoire de Jeanne d'Arc, in which it seems that the last word has been said on important points . From the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century he See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew other inspirations . He published See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs of the adventures of a brigand, Rodrigue de Villandrando (1844), which gradually See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew into a volume (1877), full of fresh See also:

• MATTER

matter .

He wrote full See also:

• BIOGRAPHIES

biographies of two chroniclers of Louis XI., one very obscure, See also:

• JEAN

Jean See also:

• CASTEL, LOUIS BERTRAND (1688-1757)

Castel (in the Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Chartes, 1840), the other, See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

Basin, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• LISIEUX

Lisieux, who was, on the contrary, a remark-able politician, See also:

• PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer)

prelate and chronicler . Quicherat published the See also:

• WORKS

works of the latter, most of which were now brought out for the first time (4 vols . 1855-1859) . In addition to these he wrote Fragments inedits de Georges See also:

• CHASTELLAIN, GEORGES (d. 1475)

Chastellain (1842), Lettres, me-moires et autres documents relatifs d la guerre du bien public en 1465 (1843, in vol. ii. of Melanges historiques, See also:

• PART

part of Documents inedits), &c . These works did not wholly occupy his time: in 1847 he inaugurated a course of archaeological lectures at the Ecole des Chartes, and in 1849 was appointed See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• DIPLOMACY (Fr. diplomatic)

diplomacy at the same college . His teaching had exceptionally See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good results . Although he was not eloquent and had a nasal See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice, his hearers were loth to See also:

• MISS

miss any of his thoughtful teaching, which was unbiased and well expressed . Of his lectures the public saw only some articles on See also:

• SPECIAL

special subjects which were distributed in a number of reviews . See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

Note should be made of a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TREATISE

treatise on La Formation francaise des anciens noms de lieu (1867); a memoir De l'See also:

• OGIVE (a French term, of which the origin is obscure; auge, trough, from Lat. augere, to increase, and an Arabic astrological word for the " highest point." have been suggested as derivations)

ogive et de l'See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture See also:

• DICE (plural of die, O. Fr. de, derived from Lat. dare, to give)

dice ogivale (185o), where he gives his theory on the use of See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches—important for the history of religious architecture; an See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article on L'See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

Age de la cathedrale de See also:

• LAON

Laon (1874), in which he fixed the exact date of the See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth of See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic architecture; Histoire du See also:

• COSTUME
• COSTUME (through the Fr. costume, from Ital. costume, Late Lat. costuma, a contracted form of Lat. consuetudinem, ace. of consuetudo, custom, habit, manner, &c.)

costume en See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France (1875; 2nd ed . 1877), which was first published in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous articles in the Magasin pittoresque, and which the author wished to retain the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of a popular work . Following the See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice of his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, he began to write out, towards the end of his See also:

• LIFE

life, his lectures on See also:

• ARCHAEOLOGY (from Gr. &pxa1a, ancient things, and Xoyos, theory or science)

archaeology, but only the See also:

• INTRODUCTORY

introductory chapters, up to the Ilth century, were found among his papers . On the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, the pupils trained by him circulated his principles throughout France, recognizing him as the founder of See also:

• NATIONAL

national archaeology .

In one point he seems to have taken a false step; with a warmth and pertinacity worthy of a better cause he maintained the identity of See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar's See also:

• ALESIA

Alesia with Alaise (See also:

• DOUBS

Doubs), and he died without becoming a convert to the See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion, now universally accepted, that Alise Sainte-Reine (Cote d'or) is the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place where Vercingetorix capitulated . But even this See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error benefited See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science; some well directed excavations at Alaise brought many See also:

• ROMAN

Roman remains to See also:

• LIGHT

light, which were subsequently sent to enrich the museum at See also:

• BESANCON

Besancon . After 1871, his course of lectures on diplomacy having been given up, Quicherat, still professor of archaeology, was nominated director of the Ecole des Chartes . He filled this See also:

• POST

post with the same See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy which he had shown in the many scientific commissions in which he had taken part . In 1878 he gave up his duties as professor, which then See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell to the most conspicuous of his pupils, See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert de Lasteyrie . He died suddenly at Paris on the 8th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1882, a short time after having corrected the proofs of Supplement aux temoignages contemporains de Jeanne d'Arc, published in the Revue historique . After his See also:

• DEATH

death it was decided to bring out his hitherto unpublished papers (Melanges d'archeologie et d'histoire, vol. i., See also:

• CELTIC

Celtic, Roman and Gallo-Roman antiquities, ed . A . See also:

• GIRY (JEAN MARIE JOSEPH), ARTHUR (1848-1899)

Giry and Aug . Castan, 1885; vol. ii., Archeologie du moyen dge, ed .