RABBAN See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

BAR SAUMA (fl. 128o-1288)  , Nestorian traveller and diplomatist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• PEKING, or PEKIN

Peking about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, of Uigur stock . While still See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young he started on a See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage to See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem, and travelling by way of Tangut, See also:

• KHOTAN (locally ILcm)

Khotan, See also:

• KASHGAR

Kashgar, Talas in the Syr Darla valley, See also:

• KHORASAN, or KHORASSAN (i.e. " land of the sun ")

Khorasan, See also:

• MARAGHA

Maragha and See also:

• MOSUL

Mosul, arrived at See also:

• ANI (anc. Abnicum)

Ani in See also:

• ARMENIA (old Persian Armina, Armenian Hayasdan, or Hayq)

Armenia . Warnings of the danger of the routes to See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• SYRIA

Syria turned him from his purpose; and his friend and See also:

• FELLOW

fellow-See also:

• PILGRIM

pilgrim, Rabban Marcos, becoming Nestorian See also:

• PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch (as See also:

• MAR, EARLDOM OF
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 1ST OR 6TH EARL OF (d. 1572)
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 2ND OR 7TH EARL
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 6TH OR 11TH EARL OF (1675-1732)

Mar Yaballaha III.) in 1281, suggested See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

Bar Sauma's name to Arghun See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

Khan, See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign of the Ilkhanate or Mongol-See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian See also:

• REALM

realm, for a See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy, then contemplated . The purpose of this was to conclude an See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-Moslem See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance, especially against the See also:

• MAMELUKE (anglicized through the French, from the Arabic mantluk, a slave)

Mameluke See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, with the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief states of Christendom . On this embassy Bar Sauma started in 1287, with Arghun's letters to the See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope and the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . In See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople he had See also:

• AUDIENCE (from Lat. audire, to hear)

audience of Andronicus II.; he gives an enthusiastic description of St See also:

• SOPHIA (1630-1714)

Sophia . He next travelled to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, where he visited St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter's, and had prolonged negotiations with the cardinals . The papacy being then vacant, a definite reply to his proposals was postponed, and Bar Sauma passed on to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where he had audience of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of France (See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip the See also:

• FAIR

Fair) . In See also:

• GASCONY (Wasconia)

Gascony he apparently met the king of England (See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I.) at a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place which seems to be See also:

• BORDEAUX

Bordeaux, but of which he speaks as the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of Alanguitar (i.e . Angleterre) . On returning to Rome, he was cordially received by the newly elected pontiff See also:

• NICOLAS
• NICOLAS, SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS (1799–1848)

Nicolas IV., who gave him communion on See also:

• PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )
• PALM, JOHANN PHILIPP (1768-1806)

Palm See also:

• SUNDAY

Sunday, 1288, allowed him to celebrate his own See also:

• EUCHARIST (Gr. evXapurria, thanksgiving)

Eucharist in the capital of Latin Christendom, commissioned him to visit the Christians of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, and entrusted to him the See also:

• TIARA (Gr. -papa)

tiara which he presented to Mar Yaballaha . His narrative is of unique See also:

• INTEREST

interest as giving a picture of See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• EUROPE

Europe at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the Crusading See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, painted by a keenly intelligent, broad-minded and statesmanlike observer .

See J . B . See also:

• CHABOT, FRANCOIS (1757-1794)
• CHABOT, GEORGES ANTOINE
• CHABOT, PHILIPPE DE, SEIGNEUR DE BRION, COUNT OF CHARNY AND BUZANSAIS ((a 1492-1543)

Chabot's See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation and edition of the Histoire du Patriarche Mar Jabalaha III. et du moine Rabban Cauma (from the See also:

• SYRIAC

Syriac) in Revue de l'Orient latin, 1893, PP . 566–61o; 1894, pp . 73–143, 235–300; O . Raynaldus, Annales Ecclesiastici (continuation of See also:

• BARONIUS, CAESAR (1538-1607)

Baronius), A.D . 1288, §§ See also:

• XXXV

xxxv.–See also:

• XXXVI

xxxvi . ;1289, § lxi . ; L . See also:

• WADDING, LUKE (1588–1657)

Wadding, Annales Minorum, v . 169, 196, 170–173; C . R .

Beazley, See also:

• DAWN (the 16th-century form of the earlier " Jawing " or " dawning," from an old verb " daw," O. Eng. dagian, to become day; cf. Dutch dagen, and Ger. tagen)

Dawn of See also:

• MODERN

Modern See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

Geography, ii . 15, 352; iii . 12, 189–190, 539–541 .