See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT OF RADETZ JOSEF See also:

• COUNT OF RADETZ JOSEF RADETZKY (1766-1858)

RADETZKY (1766-1858)  , See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian soldier, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Trzebnitz in Bohemia in 1766, to the See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility of which See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province his See also:

• FAMILY

family, originally Hungarian, had for several centuries belonged . Orphaned at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, he was educated by his grandfather, and after the old See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count's See also:

• DEATH

death; at the See also:

• THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

Theresa See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy at See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna . The academy was dissolved during his first See also:

• YEAR

year's See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence, and he joined the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army as a See also:

• CADET (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. capitettum, a diminutive of caput, head, through the Provencal form capdet)

cadet in 1785 . Next year he became an officer, and in 1787 a first See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant in a cuirassier See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment . He served as a galloper on See also:

• LACY, FRANZ MORITZ, COUNT (1725-1801)
• LACY, HARRIETTE DEBORAH (1807-1874)
• LACY, MICHAEL ROPHINO (1795–1867)

Lacy's See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff in the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, and in the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Countries during the Revolutionary War . In 1795 he fought on the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine . Next year he served with See also:

• BEAULIEU

Beaulieu against See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, and inwardly rebelled at the indecisive " See also:

• CORDON (a French derivative of corde, cord)

cordon " See also:

• SYSTEM

system of warfare which his first See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief, Lacy, had instituted and other Austrian generals only too faithfully imitated . His See also:

• PERSONAL

personal courage was conspicuous; at See also:

• FLEURUS

Fleurus he had led a party of See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry through the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French lines to discover the See also:

• FATE

fate of See also:

• CHARLEROI
• CHARLEROI (Carolus Rex)

Charleroi, and at Valeggio on the Mincio, with a few hussars, he rescued Beaulieu from the midst of the enemy . Promoted See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major, he took See also:

• PART

part in Wurmser's See also:

• MANTUA (Ital. Mantova)

Mantua See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign, which ended in the fall of the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . As lieutenant-See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel and colonel he displayed both bravery and skill in the battles of the Trebbia and Novi (1799), and at See also:

• MARENGO

Marengo, as colonel on the staff of Melas, he was See also:

• HIT

hit by five bullets, after endeavouring on the previous evening to bring about modifications in the See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan suggested by the " scientific " See also:

• ZACH, FRANZ XAVER, BARON VON (1754-1832)

Zach . In 18o1 See also:

• RADETZKY, JOSEF, COUNT OF RADETZ (1766-1858)

Radetzky received the See also:

• KNIGHTHOOD

knighthood of the Maria Theresa See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . In 18o5, on the See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march to See also:

• ULM

Ulm, he received See also:

• NEWS

news of his promotion to major-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general and his See also:

• ASSIGNMENT, ASSIGNATION, ASSIGNEE

assignment to a command in Italy under the See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

archduke See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles, and thus took part in the successful campaign of Caldiero .

See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

Peace again afforded him a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short leisure, which he used in studying and teaching the See also:

• ART

art of war . In 1809, now a lieutenant See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal, he fought at See also:

• WAGRAM (DEUTSCH-WAGRAM)

Wagram, and in 1810 he received the commandership of the Maria Theresa order and the colonelcy of the 5th Radetzky hussars . From 1809 to 1812, as chief of the general staff, he was active in the reorganization of the army and its See also:

• TACTICAL

tactical system, but, unable to carry out the reforms he desired owing to the opposition of the See also:

• TREASURY

Treasury, he resigned the See also:

• POST

post . In 1813 he was See also:

• SCHWARZENBERG
• SCHWARZENBERG, KARL PHILIPP, PRINCE ZU (1771-1820)

Schwarzenberg's chief of staff, and as such had considerable See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on the See also:

• COUNCILS

councils of the Allied sovereigns and generals . Langenau, the quartermaster-general of the See also:

• GRAND

Grand Army, found him an indispensable assistant, and he had a considerable See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in planning the See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig campaign and as a tactician won See also:

• GREAT

great praises in the battles of Brienne and Arcis sur See also:

• AUBE

Aube . He entered See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris with the allied sovereigns in March 1814, and returned with them to the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of Vienna, where he appears to have acted as an intermediary between Metternich and the czar See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander, when these great personages were not on speaking terms . During the succeeding years of peace he disappeared from the public view . He resumed his functions as chief of the staff, but his ardent ideas for reforming the army came to nothing in the See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of the general war-weariness and See also:

• DESIRE

desire to " let well alone." His zeal added to the number of his enemies, and in 1829, after he had been for twenty years a lieutenant field marshal, it was proposed to place him on the retired See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list . The See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, unwilling to go so far as this, promoted him general of cavalry and shelved him by making him See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of a fortress . But very soon afterwards the Restoration See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe was shaken by fresh upheavals, and Radetzky was brought into the field of war again . He took part under See also:

• FRIMONT, JOHANN MARIA PHILIPP, COUNT OF PALOTA, PRINCE OF ANTRODOCCO (1759-1831)

Frimont in the campaign against the Papal States insurgents, and succeeded that general in the chief command of the Austrian army in Italy in 1834 . In 1836 he became a field marshal .

He was now seventy years of age, but he displayed the activity of youth in training and disciplining the army he commanded . But here too he was in advance of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government not only disregarded his suggestions and warnings but also refused the See also:

• MONEY

money that would have enabled the finest army it possessed to take the field at a moment's See also:

• NOTICE

notice . Thus the events of 1848 in Italy, which gave the old field marshal his place in See also:

• HISTORY

history among the great commanders, found him, in the beginning, not indeed unprepared but seriously handicapped in the struggle with Charles See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert's army and the insurgents . How by falling back to the See also:

• QUADRILATERAL

Quadrilateral and there, checking one opponent after another, he was able to spin out time until reinforcements arrived, and how thenceforward up to the final See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph of See also:

• NOVARA

Novara on the 23rd of March 1849, he and his army carried all before them, is Iescribed in the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article See also:

• ITALIAN

ITALIAN See also:

• WARS

WARS . The well-disciplined sense of See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty to the See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior officer, which was remarked even in the brilliant and sanguine See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young army reformer of 181o, had become more intense in the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long years of peace, and after keeping his army loyal in the midst of the confusion of 1848, he made no See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to See also:

• PLAY

play the part of See also:

• WALLENSTEIN (properly WALDSTEIN), ALBRECHT WENZEL EUSEBIUS VON

Wallenstein or even to assume See also:

• WELLINGTON
• WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WELLESLEY, 1ST DUKE OF (1769-1852)

Wellington's role of family adviser to the nation . While as a patriot he dreamed a little of a See also:

• UNITED

united See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, he remained to the end simply the See also:

• COMMANDER

commander of one of the emperor's armies . He died, still in See also:

• HARNESS (from O. Fr. harneis or harnois; the ultimate origin is obscure; the Celtic origin which connects it with the Welsh haiarn, iron, has phonetic and other difficulties; the French is the origin of the Span. arnes, and Ger. Harnisch)

harness, though infirm, on the 5th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1858 . In military history Radetzky's fame rests upon one great achievement, but in the history of the Austrian army he lives as the See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

frank and kindly " Vater Radetzky " whom the soldiers idolized . He was fortunate in the moment of his death . In the year following, another and a greater Italian war See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out, his beloved army, disintegrated by peace economies which the old field marshal had been unable any longer to redress by ceaseless personal training, and in addition suffering from divided command and confused staff See also:

• WORK

work, was defeated in every encounter .