RADISH  , Raphanus sativus (nat. See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order See also:

• CRUCIFERAE

Cruciferae), in See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany, a fleshy-rooted See also:

• ANNUAL

annual, unknown in the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . Some varieties of the wild radish, R . Raphanistrum, however, met with on the Mediterranean coasts, come so near to it as to suggest that it may possibly be a cultivated See also:

• RACE

race of the same See also:

• SPECIES

species . It is very popular as a raw See also:

• SALAD (Med. Lat. salata, salted, pickled, salare, to sprinkle with salt)

salad . There are-See also:

• RADIUM (from Lat. radius, ray)

RADIUM 807 two See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal forms, the spindle-rooted and the See also:

• TURNIP

turnip-rooted . The radish succeeds in any well-worked not too heavy See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden See also:

• SOIL

soil, but requires a warm, sheltered situation . The See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed is generally sown broadcast, in beds 4 to 5 ft. wide, with alleys between, the beds requiring to be netted over to protect them from birds . The earliest See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop may be sown about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December, the seed-beds being at once covered with See also:

• LITTER (through O. Fr. litere or litiere, mod. litiere from Med. Lat. lectaria, classical lectica, lectus, bed, couch)

litter, which should not be removed till the See also:

• PLANTS

plants come up, and then only in the daytime, and when there is no See also:

• FROST (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch, vorst, Ger. Frost, from the common Teutonic verb meaning " to freeze," Dutch, vriezcn, Ger. frieren; the Indo-European root is seen in Lat. pruina, hoar-frost, cf. prurire, to itch, burn, pruna, burning coal, Sans
• FROST, WILLIAM EDWARD (1810–1877)

frost . If the crop succeeds, which depends on the state of the See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather, it will be in use about the beginning of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March . Another See also:

• SOWING (from "to sow," O. Eng. shwan, cf. Du. zaaijen, Ger. saen, &c.; the root is seen in Lat. severe, cf. "seed")

sowing may be made in See also:

• JANUARY

January, a third See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February, if the See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season is a favourable one, and still another towards the end of February, from which See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time till See also:

• OCTOBER

October a small sowing should be made every fortnight or three See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks in See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring, and rather more frequently during summer . About the end of October, and again in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November, a See also:

• LATE

late sowing may be made on a See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south border or See also:

• BANK

bank, the plants being protected in severe weather with litter or mats . The See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter radishes, which grow to a large See also:

• SIZE

size, should be sown in the beginning of See also:

• JULY

July and in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, in drills from 6 to 9 in. apart, the plants being thinned out to 5 or 6 in. in the See also:

• ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row .

The roots become See also:

• FIT

fit for use during the autumn . For winter use they should be taken up before severe frost sets in, and stored in dry See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand . Radishes, like other fleshy roots, are attacked by See also:

• INSECTS

insects, the most dangerous being the larvae of several species of See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly, especially the radish fly (Anthomyia radicum) . The most effectual means of destroying these is by watering the plants with a dilute See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of carbolic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid, or much diluted See also:

• GAS

gas-See also:

• WATER

water; or gas-See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime may be sprinkled along the rows . Forcing.—To obtain early radishes a sowing in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Isles should be made about the beginning of November, and continued fortnightly till the middle or end of February; the crop will generally be fit for use about six weeks after sowing . The seed should be sown in See also:

• LIGHT

light See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich soil, 8 or 9 in. thick, on a moderate hotbed, or in a See also:

• PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)

pit with a temperature of from 55° to 65° . See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

Gentle waterings must be given, and See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air admitted at every favourable opportunity; but the sashes must be protected at See also:

• NIGHT

night and in frosty weather with See also:

• STRAW

straw mats or other materials . Some of these crops are often grown with forced potatoes . The best forcing sorts are See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

Wood's early See also:

• FRAME

frame, and the early See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose globe, early See also:

• DWARF (A.S. dweorg, D. dwerg, Icel. dvergr)

dwarf-See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top See also:

• SCARLET

scarlet turnip, and early dwarf-top See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white turnip . Those best suited for See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general cultivation are the following: Spindle-rooted.—See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long scarlet, including the sub-varieties scarlet See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-top, early frame scarlet, and Wood's early frame; long scarlet short-top, best for general crop . Turnip-rooted.—Early rose globe-shaped, the earliest of all; early dwarf-top scarlet turnip, and early dwarf-top white turnip; earliest See also:

• ERFURT

Erfurt scarlet, and early white short-leaved, both very early sorts; See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French breakfast, See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive-shaped; red turnip and white turnip, for summer crops.- Winter sorts.—See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish, white See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese, Californian See also:

• MAMMOTH
• MAMMOTH (0. Russ. mammot, mod. mamant; the Tatar word mama, earth, from which it is supposed to be derived, is not known to exist)

mammoth .