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See also: American politician, was See also: born in See also: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the loth of See also: October 1828
.
He was educated in the public See also: schools and in the University See also: Academy, Philadelphia
.
In 1858–1859 he was a Democratic member of the See also: state Senate
.
During the See also: Civil War he served as a private in the Union army for ninety days in 1861, and two years later took See also: part in the See also: Gettysburg See also: campaign as a volunteer
.
From 1863 until his See also: death he was a Democratic representative in Congress
.
During the session of 1874–1875 he first gained a See also: national reputation by the masterful manner in which he prevented the Republican majority from passing the Force See also: Bill or Federal Election See also: law
.
Under his leadership discipline and party harmony were established among the Democrats for the first See also: time after the Civil War
.
He was See also: speaker of the See also: House from See also: December 1876 to See also: March 1881, during a
See also: period marked by rancorous debates concerning the disputed Hayes-See also: Tilden presidential election
.
With the disappearance of the Reconstruction questions and the emergence of the tariff issue, however, his influence began to wane
.
As the See also: leader of the Protectionist wing of the party he was superseded by the tariff reform See also: advocates, such as See also: John G
.
See also: Carlisle, See also: William R
.
Morrison, and
See also: Roger Q
.
Mills, Carlisle defeating him for the speakership in 1883 . He died in Washing-ton, D.C., on the 13th of See also: April 1890
.
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