See also:

• RANSOM (from Lat. redemptio, through Fr. rancon)

RANSOM (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. redemptio, through Fr. rancon)  , the See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price for which a See also:

• CAPTIVE (from Lat. capere, to take)

captive in See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war redeemed his See also:

• LIFE

life or his freedom, a See also:

• TOWN

town secured See also:

• IMMUNITY (from Lat. immunis, not subject to a munus or public service)

immunity from See also:

• SACK

sack, and a See also:

• SHIP

ship was repurchased from her captors . The practice of taking See also:

• RANSOM (from Lat. redemptio, through Fr. rancon)

ransom arose in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, and had perhaps a connexion with the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of commuting for crimes by See also:

• MONEY

money payments . It may, however, have no such historic descent . The See also:

• DESIRE

desire to make profit out of the risks of See also:

• BATTLE

battle, even when they were notably diminished by the use of See also:

• ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

armour, would See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account for it sufficiently . The right to ransom was recognized by See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law . One of the obligations of a feudal See also:

• TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenant was to contribute towards paying the ransom of his See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord . See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England was taxed for the ransom of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard the See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion Hearted, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France for See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John taken at See also:

• POITIERS

Poitiers, and See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland for King See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David when he was captured at See also:

• DURHAM
• DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, 1ST EARL OF (1792–1840)

Durham . The prospect of gaining the ransom of a prisoner must have tended to diminish the ferocity of See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval war, even when it did not reduce the fighting between the knights to a See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of athletic See also:

• SPORT (a contracted or shortened form of "disport," to amuse, divert oneself, O. Fr. se dis porter or deporter, to leave off work, hence to play, Lat. dis-, away, and portare, to carry; the origin of the meaning lies in the notion of turning away from ser

sport in which the loser paid a forfeit . Readers of See also:

• FROISSART, JEAN (1338-1410?)

Froissart will find frequent mention of this decidedly commercial aspect of the chivalrous See also:

• WARS

wars of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . He often records how victors and vanquished arranged their " financing." The See also:

• MERCENARY (Lat. mercenarius, from merces, reward, gain)

mercenary views of the military adventurers were not disguised . Froissart repeats the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story that the See also:

• ENGLISH

English " See also:

• FREE

free companions " or mercenaries, who sold their services to the king of See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal, grumbled at the battle of Aljubarrota in 1385, because he ordered their prisoners to be killed, and would not pursue the defeated See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and Spaniards, whereby they lost lucrative captures . The ransom of a king belonged to the king of the enemy by whom he was taken .

The actual captor was rewarded at the See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure of his lord . King See also:

• EDWARD

Edward III. paid over instalments of the ransom of the king of France to the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince, to pay the expenses of his expedition into See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain in 1367 . Occasionally, as in the notable See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of See also:

• BERTRAND, HENRI GRATIEN, COMTE (1773-1844)

Bertrand du Guesclin, the ransom of a valuable See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight or See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader would be paid by his own See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign . To See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in ransoms became a form of See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial See also:

• SPECULATION

speculation . See also:

• SIR

Sir John See also:

• FASTOLF, SIR JOHN (d. 1459)

Fastolf in the time of King See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry V. is said to have made a large See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune by buying prisoners, and then screwing heavy ransoms out of them by See also:

• ILL

ill-usage . The humane See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of ransom was of course See also:

• CON

con-fined to the knights who could pay . The common men, who were too poor, were massacred . Thus Lord See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

Grey, See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth's lord See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, spared the See also:

• OFFICERS

officers of the Spaniards and Italians he took at Smerwick, but slaughtered the common men . Among the professional soldiers of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy in the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope of gaining ransom tended to reduce war to a See also:

• FARCE

farce . They would not lose their profits by killing their opponents . The disuse of the practice was no doubt largely due to the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery that men who were serving for this form of gain could not be trusted to fight seriously . Instances in which towns paid to avoid being plundered are innumerable .

So See also:

• LATE

late as the war in the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula, 1808-14, it was the belief of the English soldiers that a town taken by See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm was liable to sack for three days, and they acted on their See also:

• CONE (Gr. Kwvos)

cone viction at See also:

• CIUDAD

Ciudad Rodrigo, See also:

• BADAJOZ
• BADAJOZ (formerly sometimes written Badajos)

Badajoz, and See also:

• SAN

San See also:

• SEBASTIAN
• SEBASTIAN, ST

Sebastian . It was a question whether ransoms paid by See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant See also:

• SHIPS

ships to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape were or were not among the commercia See also:

• BELLI, GIUSEPPE GIOACHINO (1791-1863)

belli . In the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early 18th century the custom was that the See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain of a captured See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel gave a See also:

• BOND
• BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898)

bond or " ransom See also:

• BILL

bill," leaving one of his See also:

• CREW (sometimes explained as a sea term of Scandinavian origin, cf. O. Icel. kris, a swarm or crowd, but now regarded as a shortened form of accrue, accrewe, used in the 16th century in the sense of a reinforcement, O. Fr. acreue, from accrofire, to grow,
• CREW, NATHANIEL CREW, 3RD BARON (1633–1721)

crew as a See also:

• HOSTAGE (through Fr. ostage, modern otage, from Late Lat. obsidaticum, the state of being an obses or hostage; Med. Lat. ostaticum, ostagium)

hostage or " ransomer " in the hands of the captor . Frequent mention is made of the taking of French privateers which had in them ten or a dozen ransomers . The owner could be sued on his bond . At the beginning of the Seven Years' War ransoming was forbidden by See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . But it was afterwards at least partially recognized by See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, and was generally allowed by other nations . In See also:

• RECENT

recent times—for instance in the Russo-See also:

• JAPANESE

Japanese War—no mention was made of ransom, and with the disappearance of privateering, which was conducted wholly for gain, it has ceased to have any See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in war at See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, but the contributions levied by invading armies might still be accurately described by the name .