See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

FRANCOIS See also:

• MARIE

MARIE See also:

• FRANCOIS MARIE RAOULT (1830-1901)

RAOULT (1830-1901)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French chemist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Fournes, in the Departement du See also:

• NORD

Nord, on the loth of May 1830 . He became aspirant repetiteur at the lycee of Rheims in 1853, and after holding several intermediate positions was appointed in 1862 to the professorship of See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry in See also:

• SENS

Sens lycee, where he prepared the thesis on electromotive force which gained him his See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor's degree at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in the following See also:

• YEAR

year . In 1867 be was put in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the chemistry classes at See also:

• GRENOBLE

Grenoble, and three years later he succeeded to the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of chemistry, which he held until his See also:

• DEATH

death on the 1st of See also:

• APRIL

April 1901 . See also:

• RAOULT, FRANCOIS MARIE (1830-1901)

Raoult's earliest researches were See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical in See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, being largely concerned with the phenomena of the voltaic See also:

• CELL (from Lat. cella, probably from an Indo-European kal —seen in Lat. celare, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat. cera, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb)

cell, and later there was a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period when more purely chemical questions engaged his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention . But his name is best known in connexion with the See also:

• WORK

work on solutions, to which he devoted the last two decades of his See also:

• LIFE

life . His first See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper on the depression of the freezing-points of liquids by the presence of substances dissolved in them was published in 1878;and continued investigation and experiment with various solvents, such as See also:

• BENZENE, C6H6

benzene and acetic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid, in addition to See also:

• WATER

water, led him to believe in a See also:

• SIMPLE

simple relation between the molecular weights of the substances and the freezing-point of the solvent, which he expressed as the " loi generale de la congelation," that if one See also:

• MOLECULE (from mod. Lat. molecula, the diminutive of moles, a mass)

molecule of a substance be dissolved in too molecules of any given solvent, the temperature of solidification of the latter will be lowered by 0.63° C . (See, however, the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

SOLUTION.) Another relation at which he worked was that the diminution in the vapour-pressure of a solvent, caused by dissolving a substance in it, is proportional to the molecular See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of the substance dissolved—at least when the solution is dilute . These two generalizations not only afforded a new method of determining the molecular weights of substances, but have also been utilized by J . II. See also:

• VAN

van't Hoff and W . Ostwald, among other chemists, in support of the See also:

• HYPOTHESIS (from Gr. inrorcOivat, to put under; cf. Lat. suppositio, from sub-ponere)

hypothesis of electrolytic See also:

• DISSOCIATION

dissociation in solutions . An See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Raoult's life and work was given by See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor van't Hoff in a memorial lecture delivered before the See also:

• LONDON

London Chemical Society on the 26th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1902 .