See also:

• RAPE
• RAPE (from Lat. rapere, to seize)
• RAPE (Lat. rapum or rapa, turnip)

RAPE (See also:

• LAT

Lat. rapum or rapa, See also:

• TURNIP

turnip)  , in See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany.—Several forms of See also:

• PLANTS

plants included in the genus Brassica are cultivated for the oil which is See also:

• PRESENT

present in their ripe seeds . The one most extensively grown for this purpose is known as colza, See also:

• RAPE
• RAPE (from Lat. rapere, to seize)
• RAPE (Lat. rapum or rapa, turnip)

rape or coleseed, in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany as Raps (Brassica napus, See also:

• VAR

var. oleifera): its seeds contain from 30 to 45%, of oil . The leaves are See also:

• GLAUCOUS (Gr. yAavK6s, bright, gleaming)

glaucous and smooth like those of a swede See also:

• TURNIP

turnip . For a See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed-See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop rape is sown in See also:

• JULY

July or See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order that the plants may be strong enough to pass the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter uninjured . The See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young plants are thinned out to a width of 6 or 8 in. apart, and afterwards kept clean by hoeing . The foliage may be eaten down by See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep early in autumn, without injuring it for the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of a crop of seed . In See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring the See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse and See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand See also:

• HOE (through Fr. houe from O.H.G. houwd, mod. Ger. Haue; the root is seen in " hew," to cut, cleave; the word must be distinguished from " hoe," promontory, tongue of land, seen in place names, e.g. Morthoe, Luton Hoo, the Hoe at Plymouth, &c. ; this is t
• HOE, RICHARD MARCH (1812-1886)

hoe must be used, and the previous application of 1 cwt. or 2 cwt. of See also:

• GUANO (a Spanish word from the Peruvian huanu, dung)

guano will add to the productiveness of the crop . On See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• SOIL

soil and in favourable seasons the yield sometimes reaches to 40 bushels per See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

acre . The haulm and husks are either used for See also:

• LITTER (through O. Fr. litere or litiere, mod. litiere from Med. Lat. lectaria, classical lectica, lectus, bed, couch)

litter or burned, and the ashes spread upon the See also:

• LAND

land . It makes good See also:

• FUEL (O. Fr. feuaile, popular Lat. focalia, from focus, hearth, fire)

fuel for See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay-burning . There is a " summer " variety of colza which is sown in See also:

• APRIL

April and ripens its seed in the same See also:

• YEAR

year . It does not yield so much oil as the " winter " See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, but it will grow on soil in poorer See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition .

Neither of these is much grown in See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain for the production of oil, but the " winter " variety is very extensively grown as See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food for sheep . For this purpose it is generally sown at See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short intervals throughout the summer to provide a See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession of See also:

• FODDER

fodder . It is peculiarly adapted for peaty soils, and is accordingly a favourite crop in the fen lands of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and on recently reclaimed mosses and See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

moors elsewhere . Its growth is greatly stimulated by the ashes resulting from the practice of paring and burning . Its highly nutritious leaves and stems are usually consumed by folding the sheep upon it where it grows, there is no green food upon which they fatten faster . Occasionally it is carried to the See also:

• HOMESTEAD

homestead, and used with other See also:

• FORAGE

forage in carrying out the See also:

• SYSTEM

system of soiling See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle . The See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form Brassica campestris, the wild coleseed, colza or kohlsaat, of the See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields of England and many parts of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, is sometimes cultivated on the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent for its seed, which, however, is inferior in value to rape as an oil-yielding product . In addition to the previously mentioned rape, a variety of another See also:

• SPECIES

species (or subspecies) of Brassica, namely, Brassica rapa, var. olcifera (Rubsen in Germany), is grown for its oil-yielding seeds . The- leaves in a young See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state are not glaucous, but See also:

• SAP

sap-green in See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour and rough, being very similar to those of the turnip, to which the plant is closely related . Both winter and summer varieties are grown; they are rarely cultivated in Britain . The oil is similar to that in the true colza seeds but the plants do not yield so much per acre as the latter: they are, however, hardier and more adapted for cultivation on poor sandy soils .