See also:

• RAPE
• RAPE (from Lat. rapere, to seize)
• RAPE (Lat. rapum or rapa, turnip)

RAPE (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. rapere, to seize)  , in See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, the See also:

• CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime of having carnal knowledge of a woman by a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, not her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband, forcibly and unlawfully against her will . Under the See also:

• MOSAIC (corresponding to Lat. opus musivum, from Gr. µovoeiov, an artificial grotto often decorated with mosaics; the word is only found in the sense of mosaic in late Greek, which generally uses k oXI yrlµa)

Mosaic law, See also:

• RAPE
• RAPE (from Lat. rapere, to seize)
• RAPE (Lat. rapum or rapa, turnip)

rape was punished with See also:

• DEATH

death, if the damsel was betrothed to another man, and with a See also:

• FINE

fine of fifty shekels if not so betrothed, while in this See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case, also, she was to be the wife of the ravisher all the days of his See also:

• LIFE

life (Dent. xxii . 25) . The Romancivil law punished rape with death and See also:

• CONFISCATION (from Lat. confiscare, to consign to the fiscus, or imperial treasury)

confiscation of goods (See also:

• COD

Cod . L . IX. tit . 13) . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, under the Saxon law—adopted, probably, from a See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code—death was also the See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty, but under the See also:

• NORMANS

Normans this was changed to the loss of both eyes and castration; this See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment remained in force until after the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• BRACTON, HENRY DE (d. 1268)

Bracton (de Corond, f . 147) . The See also:

• STATUTE

statute of See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster I . (1275) reduced the offence to a trespass, with a penalty of two years' imprisonment and a fine at the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's will . This lenity, it is said, produced terrible See also:

• CON

con-sequences, and, accordingly, the statute of Westminster II .

(1285) again declared the offence a See also:

• FELONY (0. Fr. felonie, from felon, a word meaning " wicked," common to Romanic languages, cf. Italian fella, fellone, the ultimate origin of which is obscure, but is possibly connected either with Lat. fel, gall, or fallere, to deceive. The English " fel

felony, with, however, benefit of See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy . This was the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of the law until 1575, when the punishment was made more severe by taking away the benefit of clergy . The offence remained See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital until the Offences against the See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

Person See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act 1861, by which and subsequent amending acts it is now regulated . The See also:

• PRESENT

present punishment is penal See also:

• SERVITUDE (Lat. servitus, from service, to serve)

servitude for life or for not less than three years or imprisonment with or without hard labour for not over two years . The law of England (differing in this respect from the See also:

• CIVIL

civil law) regards as immaterial whether the woman is chaste or unchaste, married or single, provided the offence has been committed forcibly and without her consent . The offence is See also:

• COMPLETE

complete if consent is extorted by means of threats of death or immediate bodily harm, by See also:

• FRAUD (Lat. fraus, deceit)

fraud or by false pretences or See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation, such as the impersonation of a woman's husband (Criminal Law See also:

• AMENDMENT (through the O. Fr. amender, to correct, from Lat. mendum, a fault)

Amendment Act 1885) . Since the passing of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885, it is a felony, entailing the same punishment as rape, to have carnal knowledge of a girl under 13 years, whether she consent or not . Between 13 and 16 years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age it is a criminal offence punishable by two years' imprisonment, whether consent is given or not, and even if there be solicitation; but if the See also:

• JURY

jury is satisfied that the person charged has reasonable cause to believe the girl to be over 16 years, the accused is entitled to be acquitted . See also:

• PROSECUTION

Prosecution must be within three months of the offence . The See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of any See also:

• DRUG
• DRUG (from Fr. drogue, a word common in Romance languages, cf. Span. and Ital. droga; the origin of the word is obscure, but may possibly be connected with Dutch droog, dry)

drug or See also:

• MATTER

matter, with See also:

• INTENT (from Lat. intend ere, to stretch out, extend, particularly in the phrase intendere animum, to turn one's mind to, purpose)

intent, by producing stupor, to facilitate' the accomplishment of the crime, is an offence punishable by two years' imprisonment . On See also:

• INDICTMENT (from Anglo-Fr. enditernent, enditer, to charge; Lat. in, against, dictare, declare)

indictment for rape there may be an acquittal on the actual See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge, but a conviction either of the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt or of an indecent See also:

• ASSAULT (from Lat. ad, to or on, and saltare, to leap)

assault . In charges of rape, from the nature of the offence, the important See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness is the woman, and it is essential, apart from medical See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence (see MEDICAL See also:

• JURISPRUDENCE (Lat. jurisprudenlia, knowledge of law, from jus, right, and prudentia, from providere, to foresee)
• JURISPRUDENCE, COMPARATIVE

JURISPRUDENCE), that her See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story be corroborated by evidence implicating the accused .

The following points have, of See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity, to be considered . (1) As to the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general credibility of the witness and how far her story is to be believed; evidence, therefore, may be given to show that she is of immoral See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . (2) As to whether she has made complaint immediately after the alleged See also:

• OUTRAGE (through O. Fr. ultrage, oltrage, oultrage, from Lat. ultra, beyond, exceeding, cf. Ital. oltraggio; the meaning has been influenced by connexion with " rage," anger)

outrage and to whom . (3) As to the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place where the outrage was alleged to have been committed and the possibility of her being heard if she cried out . In the See also:

• UNITED

United States, rape is universally treated as a felony, and the punishment is either death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for a number of years, varying in the different states . In the case of offences against See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young girls, there is a divergence in the various states as to the age of consent, though the trend of legislation has been to raise it . In See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Carolina, and See also:

• GEORGIA

Georgia, the age of consent is as See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low as 10 years, and in See also:

• KENTUCKY

Kentucky and See also:

• LOUISIANA

Louisiana, 12 years . In nineteen states the age of consent is 14 years . In one (See also:

• TEXAS

Texas) 15 years . In six, it is 16 years . In See also:

• WYOMING

Wyoming, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, See also:

• COLORADO

Colorado and See also:

• KANSAS (known as the Sunflower State ")

Kansas it is as high as 18 years . The essential facts to be proven in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to constitute this crime are the same as in England, but in many of the states the uncorroborated evidence of the woman is sufficient to sustain a conviction .

This is so in See also:

• CALIFORNIA
• CALIFORNIA, LOWER (Baja California)
• CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF

California, See also:

• ARIZONA (from the Spanish-Indian Arizonac, of unknown meaning,—possibly " few springs,"-the name of an 18th-century mining camp in the Santa Cruz valley, just S. of the present border of Arizona)

Arizona, See also:

• IDAHO

Idaho, See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri, Kentucky, See also:

• MICHIGAN
• MICHIGAN, LAKE
• MICHIGAN, UNIVERSITY OF

Michigan, See also:

• ILLINOIS

Illinois, See also:

• OKLAHOMA (a Choctaw Indian word meaning " red people ")

Oklahoma, &c . [1904; See also:

• BRENTON, SIR JAHLEEL (1770-1844)

Brenton v . Territory, 78 Pac . See also:

• REP, REPP, or REPS

Rep . 83] . In New York corroboration is required [Penal Code §283] . In See also:

• NEBRASKA

Nebraska also evidence corroborating the prosecutrix is necessary [1907; Burk v . State, 112 N.W . Rep . S73] . In Texas it is no See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence for accused to prove that he believed the prosecutrix to be over 15 years of age, the age of consent [1907; See also:

• ROBERTSON, FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816-1853)
• ROBERTSON, GEORGE CROOM (1842-1892)
• ROBERTSON, JOSEPH (1810-1866)
• ROBERTSON, THOMAS WILLIAM (1829-1871)
• ROBERTSON, WILLIAM BRUCE (182o-1886)

Robertson v . State, 102 So .

W . Rep . 1130], and the crime is punishable with death [1903; Reyna v . State, 75 So . W . Rep . 25], as also apparently it is in the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country [ U.S. v . Partello, 48 Fed . R . 67o U.S . Rev . Stats .

§ 53451, also in See also:

• ALABAMA

Alabama [Criminal Code, § 5444] . In See also:

• HAWAII (HAWAIIAN or SANDWICH ISLANDS)

Hawaii there is no age of consent for rape, which is punish-able by $l000 fine and imprisonment at hard labour for life; the carnal knowledge of See also:

• FEMALES

females under ro years is punishable with death or imprisonment for life [Rev . L . 1905, §§ 2927, 2928] . In See also:

• PORTO

Porto Rico the age of consent is 14 years and the punishment not less than five years [See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

Pen . Code 1902,§25J] .