See also:

• RAT (a word common to Teut. and Rom. languages; probably first adopted in Teut.; the ultimate origin is not known; Skeat suggests the root rad-, to scratch; cf. Ger. Ratte, Dan. rotte, Fr. rat, &c.)

RAT (a word See also:

• COMMON

common to Teut. and Rom. See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages; probably first adopted in Teut.; the ultimate origin is not known; See also:

• SKEAT, WALTER WILLIAM (1835– )

Skeat suggests the See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root rad-, to scratch; cf. Ger. Ratte, See also:

• DAN

Dan. rotte, Fr. rat, &c.)  , probably in its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original sense the designation of the See also:

• BRITISH

British rodent mammal commonly known as the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• RAT (a word common to Teut. and Rom. languages; probably first adopted in Teut.; the ultimate origin is not known; Skeat suggests the root rad-, to scratch; cf. Ger. Ratte, Dan. rotte, Fr. rat, &c.)

rat (See also:

• MUS

Mus rattus), but also applied indifferently to the See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown or See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway rat (M. norvegicus), and in a still wider sense to zll the larger representatives of the genus Mus, as to many other members of the See also:

• FAMILY

family Muridae . In fact, as mentioned in the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article See also:

• MOUSE

MousE, there is no possibility of defining the See also:

• TERM

term " rat " when used in a sense other than as See also:

• RELATING

relating to the two See also:

• SPECIES

species above mentioned; while there is also no hard-and-fast limit between the terms " rats " and " mice " when these are likewise employed in their now extended sense, " rats " being merely larger " mice, " and See also:

• VICE

vice versa . Rats have, however, generally more rows of scales on the tail (reaching to 210 or more) than mice, in which the number does not exceed 180 . For the distinctive characteristics of the family Muridae and the genus Mus, to which true rats and true mice alike belong, see See also:

• RODENTIA

RODENTIA . Of the two British species the brown, or Nor-way rat (M. norvegicus) is distinguished by its large See also:

• SIZE

size, brownish See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short tail and ears, stout See also:

• SKULL

skull, and the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of from ro to Iz teats .. It is fierce and cunning, and easily overcomes all allied species with which it is brought in contact . Its original See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home would seem to have been some See also:

• PART

part of Central See also:

• ASIA

Asia, an indigenous species from See also:

• CHINA

China, M. humiliatus, being so like it that in all See also:

• PROBABILITY (Lat. probabilis, probable or credible)

probability the latter is the original See also:

• RACE

race from which it has sprung . Thence it has spread to all parts of the See also:

• WORLD

world, See also:

• DRIVING (from " to drive," i.e. generally to propel, force along or in, a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages)

driving out the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house-haunting species everywhere, as it has in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England all but exterminated the black rat . The brown rat migrated westwards from Central Asia See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and is believed to have first reached See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain about 1730 . Its already evil reputation has been increased of See also:

• LATE

late years by the fact that it is one of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief disseminators of bubonic See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague . Black phases are not uncommon . The black rat (M. rattus) is distinguishable from the brown rat by its smaller size, longer ears and tail, and glossy black colour .

It shares the roving habits of the latter, frequenting See also:

• SHIPS

ships and by these means reaching various parts of the world . On this See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account either the typical See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form or the tropical M. rattus alexandrinus is See also:

• COMMON

common in many places to which the brown species has not yet penetrated, for instance in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AMERICA

America . This See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-tailed rat, originally a native of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, would seem to have first penetrated to all parts of the world and to have nearly or quite exterminated the indigenous rats . After this followed the advance of the more powerful brown rat . The black rat first reached See also:

• EUROPE

Europe in the 13th century; but of late years another and still darker phase of the species, the Black See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea black rat (M. rattus ater) made its See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance in England . The Isle of See also:

• DOGS, ISLE OF

Dogs and See also:

• YARMOUTH
• YARMOUTH (GREAT YARMOUTH)

Yarmouth, in See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk, are reported to be the chief of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English strongholds of the black rat . Both species agree in their predaceous habits, omnivorous See also:

• DIET

diet and great fecundity . They See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear, four or five times in the See also:

• YEAR

year, from four to ten See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind and naked See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young, which are in their turn able to breed at an See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of about six months; the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of gestation being about twenty days . See J . G . See also:

• MILLAIS, SIR JOHN EVERETT (1829-1896)

Millais, " The True Position of Mus rattus and its See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

Allies," Zoologist, See also:

• JUNE

June 1905 . (R .