See also:

• RAVEN (O.E. hrafn, ,Icel. hrafn, Dan. ravn, Du. raaf, Ger. Rabe)

RAVEN (O.E. hrafn, ,Icel. hrafn, See also:

• DAN

Dan. ravn, Du. raaf, Ger. Rabe)  , the largest of the birds of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Passeres, and a member of the See also:

• FAMILY

family Corvidae, probably the most highly See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed of all birds . See also:

• QUICK

Quick-sighted, sagacious and bold, the See also:

• RAVEN (O.E. hrafn, ,Icel. hrafn, Dan. ravn, Du. raaf, Ger. Rabe)

raven preys on the spoils of fishers and hunters, as also on weakly An See also:

• ILLUSTRATION

illustration appears in Sonnerat's Voyages aux Irides orientales (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1806), vol. i. p . 182 . animals among flocks and herds . A sentiment of veneration but some of the most striking features of the churches of or superstition has from remote ages and among many races See also:

• RAVENNA
• RAVENNA, EXARCHATE OF

Ravenna—the colonnades, the mosaics, perhaps the cupolas—attached to it . The raven is associated with various characters are not so much See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine as representative of See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian of See also:

• HISTORY

history, sacred or profane—See also:

• NOAH (ni, rest; Septuagint, New Testament, Philo, Josephus, Na*, N&i os, Nweos: Vulg. Noe)

Noah and See also:

• ELIJAH (a Hebrew name meaning " Yah[weh] is God ")

Elijah, See also:

• ODIN, or OTHIN (O. Norse 66inn)

Odin and See also:

• ART

art generally . The following are the most important churches Flokki, the last of whom by its means discovered See also:

• ICELAND (Dan. Island)

Iceland. of Ravenna, arranged in the order of the See also:

• DATES

dates generally attri-It is said to have played its See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology of the Red buted to them: See also:

• INDIAN

Indian; and it has often figured in See also:

• PROSE

prose and See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse, from the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare to that of See also:

• POE, EDGAR ALLAN (18og-1849)

Poe and See also:

• DICKENS, CHARLES JOHN HUFFAM (1812-187o)

Dickens . Superstition has been generally succeeded by persecution, which in many districts has produced extirpation . The raven breeds very early in the See also:

• YEAR

year, in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England resorting to its See also:

• NEST

nest, which is usually an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient if not an ancestral structure, about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle or towards the end of See also:

• JANUARY

January . 3 . S . Agata 4 .

S . See also:

• PIER (older forms per or Pere, from Med. Lat. pera; the word for piers out of water. For river piers, where a firm, watertight is of obscure origin, and the connexion with Fr. Pierre, Lat. stratum is found at a moderate depth below the river-bed, the pctr

Pier Crysologo (See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel) 5 . S . Giovanni Battista . 6 . SS . Nazario e Celso . 7 . S . Pier See also:

• MAGGIORE, LAGO (Lacus Verbanus of the Romans; Fr. Lac Majeur; Ger. Langensee)

Maggiore (now S . See also:

• FRANCESCO
• FRANCESCO, 210

Francesco) 8 . S .

Teodoro (now Santo Spirito)—A . 9 . S.Maria in Cosmodin(Arian See also:

• BAPTISTERY (Baptislerium, in the Greek Church 4wrurrilpiov)

baptistery)—A . . 10 . S . Martino in Coelo Aureo (now S . Apollinare Nuovo) See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . 1 . See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

Metropolitan Church, or 2 . See also:

• ECCLESIA (Gr. EKKX ria, from Lc, out, and Ka)teiv, to call)

Ecclesia Ursiana, and baptistery adjoining . S . Giovanni Evangelista Builder .

Date . S . Ursus . 37o-390(?) Galla Placidia . 425 Gemellus . about 430 S . See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Chrysologus about 450 Baduarius . about 458 Galla Placidia . See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop Neon (?) See also:

• THEODORIC

Theodoric (?) . 493-526 Therein are laid from five to seven eggs of the See also:

• COMMON

common Corvine coloration (see See also:

• CROW (Dutch, kraal, Ger. Krdhe, Fr. corbeau, Lat. corvus)

CROW), and the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young are hatched before the end of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February . In more See also:

• NORTHERN

northern countries the breeding See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season is naturally delayed, but everywhere this See also:

• SPECIES

species is almost, if not quite, the earliest breeder . The raven See also:

• MEASURES

measures about 26 in. in length, and has an expanse of wing consider-ably exceeding a yard . Its See also:

• BILL

bill and feet are See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black, and the same may be said of its whole plumage, but the feathers of the upper parts as well as of the See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast are glossy, reflecting a See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright See also:

• PURPLE

purple or See also:

• STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel-See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue . The species (See also:

• CORVUS, MARCUS VALERIUS (c. 370–270 B.C.)

Corvus corax) inhabits the whole of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, and the northern if not the central parts of See also:

• ASIA

Asia; but in the latter See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent its See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern range is not well determined .

In See also:

• AMERICA

America it is, or used to be, found from the shores of the Polar See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea to See also:

• GUATEMALA (sometimes incorrectly written GUATIMALA)
• GUATEMALA, or GUATEMALA LA NUEVA (i.e. " New Guatemala," sometimes written Nueva Guatemala, and formerly Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala)

Guatemala if not to See also:

• HONDURAS

Honduras, but is said hardly to be found of See also:

• LATE

late years in the eastern part of the See also:

• UNITED

United States . In See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa its See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place is taken by three allied but well-differentiated species, two of which (Corvus umbrinus, readily distinguished by its See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck, and C. affinis, having its See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior nasal bristles upturned vertically) also occur in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western Asia, while the third (C. leptonyx or C. tingitanus, a smaller species characterized by several slight See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences) inhabits See also:

• BARBARY

Barbary and the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic Islands . Farther to the southward in the Ethiopian region three more species appear whose plumage is varied with See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white—C. scapulatus, C. albicollis, and C. crassirostris—the first two of small See also:

• SIZE

size, but the last rivalling the real raven in that respect . (A . N.) RAVEN-See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

HILL, LEONARD (1867- ), See also:

• ENGLISH

English artist and illustrator, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the loth of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1867 . He was educated at See also:

• BRISTOL
• BRISTOL, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• BRISTOL, GEORGE DIGBY, 2ND EARL OF1 (1612-1677)
• BRISTOL, JOHN DIGBY, 1ST EARL OF 6 (1580-1653)

Bristol See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar school and the See also:

• DEVON, EARLS OF

Devon See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county school, and studied art at See also:

• LAMBETH

Lambeth and then in Paris under MM . Bougereau and Aime Morot . He began to exhibit at the See also:

• SALON

Salon in 1887, and in the Royal See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy in 1889 . In 1893 he founded, with See also:

• ARNOLD
• ARNOLD, BENEDICT (1741-1801)
• ARNOLD, GOTTFRIED (1666-1714)
• ARNOLD, MATTHEW (1822-1888)
• ARNOLD, SAMUEL (1740--18o2)
• ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832-1904)
• ARNOLD, THOMAS (1745-1842)

Arnold Golsworthy, the humorous and See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic monthly The Butterfly (1893-94, revived in 1899-1900) . He contributed to many illustrated magazines, and began to See also:

• WORK

work for See also:

• PUNCH

Punch, with which he was afterwards prominently associated, in 1896 . He illustrated See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter See also:

• BESANT, SIR WALTER (1836-1901)

Besant's See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• LONDON

London (Igor) and J . H .

See also:

• HARRIS, GEORGE, 1ST BARON (1746–1829)
• HARRIS, JAMES (1709-1780)
• HARRIS, JOEL CHANDLER (1848-1908)
• HARRIS, JOHN (c. 1666-1719)
• HARRIS, SIR WILLIAM SNOW
• HARRIS, THOMAS LAKE (1823-1906)
• HARRIS, WILLIAM TORREY (1835-1909)

Harris's Cornish See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

Saints and Sinners; he published the impressions of his visit to See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India on the occasion of the tour of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince and princess of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales as An Indian See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

Sketch-See also:

• BOOK

Book (1903); and his other published sketch-books include Our See also:

• BATTALION

Battalion (1902) and The Promenaders (1894) .