RAWALPINDI  , a

town of British India, which gives its name to a district and a division in the Punjab . The town is situated on the north bank of the little river Leh, 1726 ft. above the sea, i if m . E. by S. of Peshawar, and 1443 M . N.W. of Calcutta . Pop . (1901) 87,688 . It is chiefly notable as the largest military station in India, and the key to the British system of defence upon the North-West Frontier . Railways radiate to Peshawar, Kohat, and the Malakand Pass, and a road runs to the Abbotabad frontier . It is also the starting-point of the cart-road to the hill-station of Murree and of the route into Kashmir . It is protected by a strong chain of forts, connected by the Circular Road . It is the headquarters of the second division of the northern army with a strong force of all arms, and contains an arsenal . Besides the locomotive works of the North-Western railway, there are gas-works, a tent factory, an iron foundry, and a brewery .

An

annual horse fair is held in April . The DISTRICT OF RAWALPINDI has an area of 2010 sq. m., Attock having been separated from it and formed into a separate district in 1904 . It is situated on the southern slopes of the north-western extremities of the Himalayas, including large mountain tracts with rich valleys traversed by mountain torrents . It contains the Murree hills with the sanatorium of that name, the chief hill-station in the Punjab . The Indus and the Jhelum are the chief rivers, and the climate is noted for its healthiness . The principal crops are wheat, barley, maize, millets. and pulses . The district is traversed by the main line of the North-Western railway, crossing the Indus at Attock, and also by a branch towards the Indus at Kushalgarh . The population in 1901 was 558,699, showing an increase of 4.7 % in the decade . The DIVISION OF RAWALPINDI lies in the north-west of the Punjab . It consists of the five districts of Gujrat, Attock, Shahpur, Jhelum, and Rawalpindi . The total area is 15,736 sq. m. and the population in 190I was 2,799, 360 .