See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

HENRY CRESWICKE See also:

• RAWLINSON, GEORGE (1812-1902)
• RAWLINSON, RICHARD (169o-1755)
• SIR HENRY CRESWICKE RAWLINSON (1810—1895)
• RAWLINSON, SIR ROBERT (1810—1898)

RAWLINSON (1810—1895)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English soldier and orientalist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Chadlington, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford-See also:

• SHIRE

shire, on the lrth of See also:

• APRIL

April 181o . In 1827 he went to See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India as See also:

• CADET (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. capitettum, a diminutive of caput, head, through the Provencal form capdet)

cadet under the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East India See also:

• COMPANY

Company; and after six years' See also:

• LIFE

life with his See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment as subaltern, during which See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he had become proficient in the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, he was sent to See also:

• PERSIA

Persia in company with some other English See also:

• OFFICERS

officers to See also:

• DRILL

drill and reorganize the Shah's troops . It was at this time that he was first attracted to the study of See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions, more particularly those in the hitherto undeciphered See also:

• CUNEIFORM (from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

cuneiform See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . In the course of the two years during which he was in its immediate neighbourhood he transcribed as much as he was able of the See also:

• GREAT

great cuneiform inscription at See also:

• BEHISTUN

Behistun (q.v.); but the See also:

• FRICTION (from Lat. fricare, to rub)

friction between the Persian See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court and the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government ended in the departure of the British officers . He was appointed See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent at See also:

• KANDAHAR

Kandahar in 184o . In that capacity he served for three years, his political labours being as meritorious as was his gallantry during various engagements in the course of the Afghan See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War; for these he was rewarded by the distinction of C.B. in 1844 . A fortunate See also:

• CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

chance, by which he became personally known to the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, led to his being appointed, at his own See also:

• DESIRE

desire, as political agent in See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia; thus he was enabled to See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle in See also:

• BAGDAD, or BAGHDAD

Bagdad, where he devoted much time to the cuneiform studies which attracted him . He was now able, under considerable difficulties and with no small See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• RISK

risk, to make a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete transcript of the Behistun inscription, which he was also successful in deciphering and interpreting . Having collected a large amount of invaluable See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information on this and kindred topics, in addition to much See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical knowledge gained in the See also:

• PROSECUTION

prosecution of various explorations (including visits with See also:

• LAYARD, SIR AUSTEN HENRY (1817-1894)

Layard to the ruins of See also:

• NINEVEH (Heb. m}'?, in classical authors Nivos, Ninus; LXX. Ntsetni, Nnveun: Assyrian Nind or Ninua)

Nineveh), he returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England on leave of See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence in 1849 . He remained at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home for two years, published in 1851 his memoir on the Behistun inscription, and was promoted to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel . He disposed of his valuable collection of Babylonian, Sabaean, and See also:

• SASSANIAN

Sassanian antiquities to the trustees of the British Museum, who also made him a consider-able See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant to enable him to carry on the See also:

• ASSYRIAN

Assyrian and Babylonian excavations initiated by Layard . In 1851 he returned to Bagdad .

The excavations were carried on under his direction with valuable results, among the most important being the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of material that greatly contributed to the final decipherment and See also:

• INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation of the cuneiform character . An See also:

• ACCIDENT
• ACCIDENT (from Lat. accidere, to happen)

accident with which he met in 1855 hastened his determination to return to England, and in that See also:

• YEAR

year he resigned his See also:

• POST

post in the East India Company . On his return to England the distinction of K.C.B. was conferred upon him, and he was appointed a See also:

• CROWN

crown director of the East India Company . The remaining See also:

• FORTY

forty years of his life were full of activity—political, See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic, and scientific—and were mainly spent in See also:

• LONDON

London . In 1858 he was appointed a member of the first India See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council, but resigned in 1859 on being sent to Persia as See also:

• ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

envoy extra-See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary and See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister plenipotentiary . The latter post he held only for a year, owing to his dissatisfaction with circumstances connected with his See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official position there . Previously he had sat in See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

Parliament as M.P. for See also:

• REIGATE

Reigate from See also:

• FEBRUARY

February to See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1858; he sat again as M.P. for See also:

• FROME

Frome, 1865-68 . He was appointed to the Council of India again in 1868, and continued to serve upon it until his See also:

• DEATH

death . He was a strong See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of the forward policy in See also:

• AFGHANISTAN

Afghanistan, and counselled the retention of Kandahar . His views were more particularly expressed in England and See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia in the East, 1875 . He was a trustee of the British Museum from 1876 till his death . He was created G.C.B. in 1889, and a See also:

• BARONET

Baronet in 1891; was See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Geographical Society from 1874 to 1875, and of the See also:

• ASIATIC

Asiatic Society from 1878 to 1881; and received honorary degrees at Oxford, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, and See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh .

He married, in September 1862, Louisa See also:

• CAROLINE
• CAROLINE (1683-1737)

Caroline See also:

• HARCOURT
• HARCOURT, SIMON HARCOURT, 1ST VISCOUNT (c. 1661-1727)
• HARCOURT, SIR WILLIAM GEORGE GRANVILLE VENABLES VERNON (1827-1904)
• HARCOURT, WILLIAM VERNON (1789-1871)

Harcourt See also:

• SEYMOUR
• SEYMOUR, HORATIO (1810-1886)
• SEYMOUR, or ST MAUR
• SEYMOUR, THOMAS

Seymour, who See also:

• BORE

bore him two sons and died in 1889 . He died in London on the 5th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1895 . His published See also:

• WORKS

works include (apart from See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor contributions to the publications of learned See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies) four volumes of cuneiform inscriptions, published under his direction between 1870 and 1884 by the trustees of the British Museum; The Persian Cuneiform Inscription at Behistun, 1846-51, and Outline of the See also:

• HISTORY

History of See also:

• ASSYRIA

Assyria, 1852, both re-printed from the Asiatic Society's See also:

• JOURNALS

journals; A Commentary on the Cuneiform Inscriptions of See also:

• BABYLON (mod. Hillah)

Babylon and Assyria, 1850; Notes on the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early History of Babylonia, 1854; England and Russia in the East, 1875 . He contributed to the See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th edition) the articles on Bagdad, the See also:

• EUPHRATES (Babylon. Purattu, Heb. Perath, Arab. Frdt or Furst, Old Pers. Ufratu, Gr. Eb4 parrls)

Euphrates and See also:

• KURDISTAN

Kurdistan, and several other articles dealing with the East; and assisted in editing a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus by his See also:

• BROTHER

brother, See also:

• CANON

Canon See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• RAWLINSON, GEORGE (1812-1902)
• RAWLINSON, RICHARD (169o-1755)
• RAWLINSON, SIR HENRY CRESWICKE (1810—1895)
• RAWLINSON, SIR ROBERT (1810—1898)

Rawlinson . See G . Rawlinson, Memoir of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Creswicke Rawlinson (1898) .