See also:

• REGICIDE (Lat. rex, a king, and caedere, to kill)

REGICIDE (See also:

• LAT

Lat. rex, a See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, and caedere, to kill)  , the name given to any one who kills a See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign . Regicides is the name given in See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• HISTORY

history at the Restoration of 166o to those persons who were responsible for the See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I . On the 4th of See also:

• APRIL

April 166o Charles II. in the See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

Declaration of See also:

• BREDA

Breda promised a See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon to all his subjects " excepting only such persons as shall hereafter be excepted by See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament," and on the 14th of May the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons ordered the immediate See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest of " all those persons who sat in See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment upon the See also:

• LATE

late See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

majesty when See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence was pronounced." The number of regicides was estimated at 84, this number being composed of the 67 See also:

• PRESENT

present at the last sitting of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice, 11 others who had attended earlier .sittings, 4 See also:

• OFFICERS

officers of the court and the 2 executioners . Many of them were arrested or surrendered themselves, and the House of Commons in considering the proposed See also:

• BILL

bill of See also:

• INDEMNITY (through Fr. indemnite, Lat. indemnis, free from damage or loss; in-, negative, and damnum, loss)

indemnity suggested that only twelve of the regicides, who were named, should forfeit their lives; but the House of Lords urged that all the king's See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges, with three exceptions, and some others, should be treated in this way . Eventually a See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise was agreed upon, and the bill as passed on the 29th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 166o divided the regicides into six classes for See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment: (1) Four of them, although dead—See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell, See also:

• IRETON, HENRY (161I–1651)

Ireton, See also:

• BRADSHAW, GEORGE (1801–1853)
• BRADSHAW, HENRY (1831—1886)
• BRADSHAW, HENRY (c. 1450–1513)
• BRADSHAW, JOHN (i6o2-1659)

Bradshaw and See also:

• PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

Pride—were to be attainted for high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason . (2) The estates of twenty others, also dead, were to be subjected to See also:

• FINE

fine or See also:

• FORFEITURE (from " forfeit," originally an offence, and hence a fine exacted as a penalty for such; derived through the O. Fr. forfeit, from the late Lat. foris factum, a trespass, that which is done foris, outside)

forfeiture . (3) See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty living regicides were excepted from all indemnity . (4) Nineteen living regicides were also excepted, but with a saving clause that their execution was to be suspended. until a See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of parliament was passed for this purpose . (5) Six others were to be punished, but not capitally . (6) Two, Colonels See also:

• HUTCHINSON
• HUTCHINSON, ANNE (c. 1600-1643)
• HUTCHINSON, JOHN (1615-1664)
• HUTCHINSON, JOHN (1674-1737)
• HUTCHINSON, SIR JONATHAN (1828– )
• HUTCHINSON, THOMAS (1711-1780)

Hutchinson and See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• LISTER, JOSEPH LISTER
• LISTER, MARTIN (c. 1638-1712)

Lister, were simply declared incapable of holding any See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . Two regicides—Ingoldsby, who declared he had only signed the See also:

• WARRANT (Med. Lat. warantum; O. Fr. garant, warant, derived from O.H.G. root represented in modern German bygewdhren)

warrant under compulsion, and See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew Thomlinson—escaped without punishment . A court of thirty-four commissioners was then appointed to try the regicides, and the trial took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 166o .

Twenty-nine were condemned to See also:

• DEATH

death, but only ten were actually executed, the remaining nineteen regency has always been made by act of parliament . In See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of regents was always either by the assent of a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council or of parliament . Thus in 1315 the See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• MORAY

Moray was appointed See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent by See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert I. in a council . At a later See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period appoint- ment by See also:

• STATUTE

statute was the universal See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form . Thus by an act of 1542 the earl of See also:

• ARRAN
• ARRAN, EARLS OF

Arran was declared regent during the minority of See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary . By an act of 1567 the appointment by Mary of the earl of Moray as regent was confirmed . As late as 1704 See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision was made for a regency after the death of See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne . The earliest regency in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England resting upon an See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express statute was that created by 28 See also:

• HEN

Hen . VIII. c . 7, under which the king appointed his executors to exercise the authority of the See also:

• CROWN

crown till the successor to the crown should attain the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of eighteen if a male or sixteen if a See also:

• FEMALE

female . They delegated their rights to the See also:

• PROTECTOR

protector See also:

• SOMERSET, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SOMERSET, EDMUND BEAUFORT, DUKE OF (c. 1404–1455)
• SOMERSET, EDWARD SEYMOUR, DUKE OF (c. 1506–1552)
• SOMERSET, LORD ROBERT EDWARD HENRY (1776-1842)
• SOMERSET, ROBERT CARR (or KER), EARL OF (e. 1590-1645)

Somerset, with the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal . No other example of a statutory provision for a regency occurs till 1751 .

In that See also:

• YEAR

year the act of 24 Geo . II. c . 24 constituted the princess-See also:

• DOWAGER (from the Old Fr. douagiere, mod. douairiere)

dowager of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales regent of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom in See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case the crown should descend to any of her See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children before such See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child attained the age of eighteen . A council, called the council of regency, was appointed to assist the princess . A prescribed See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath was to be taken by the regent and members of the council . Their consent was necessary for the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of a successor to the crown during minority . It was declared to be unlawful for the regent to make See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war or See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace, or ratify any treaty with any See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, or prorogue, adjourn or dissolve any parliament without the consent of the See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of the council of regency, or give her assent to any bill for repealing or varying the Act of See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

Settlement, the Act of Uniformity, or the Act of the Scottish parliament for securing the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion and Presbyterian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government in Scotland (1707, c . 6) . The last is an invariable provision, and occurs in all subsequent Regency Acts . The reign of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George III. affords examples of See also:

• PRO

pro-See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision for a regency during both the See also:

• INFANCY

infancy and incapacity of a king . The act of 5 Geo . III. c .

27 vested in the king power to ap-' point a regent under the sign See also:

• MANUAL

manual, such regent to be one of certain named members of the royal See also:

• FAMILY

family . The remaining pro-visions closely followed those of the act of George II . In 1788 the See also:

• INSANITY (from Lat. in, not, and sanus, sound)

insanity of the king led to the introduction of a Regency bill . In the course of the debate in the House of Lords the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York disclaimed on behalf of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of Wales any right to assume the regency without the consent of parliament . Owing to the king's recovery the bill ultimately dropped . On a return of the malady in 1810 the act of 51 Geo . III. c . 1 was passed, appointing the prince of Wales regent during the king's incapacity . The royal assent was given by See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission authorized by See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution of both Houses . By this act no council of regency was appointed . There was no restriction on the regent's authority over See also:

• TREATIES

treaties, peace and war, or parliament, as in the previous acts, but his power of granting peerages, offices and See also:

• PENSIONS

pensions was limited . At the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William IV. the duchess of See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent was, by 1 Will .

IV. c . 2, appointed regent, if necessary, until the Princess See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria should attain the age of eighteen . No council of regency was appointed . By i Vict. c . 72 lords justices were nominated as a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of regency council without a regent in case the successor to the crown should be out of the See also:

• REALM

realm at the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen's death . They were restricted from granting peerages, and from dissolving parliament without directions from the successor . By 3 & 4 Vict . C . 52 Prince See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert was appointed regent in case any of Queen Victoria's children should succeed to the crown under the age of eighteen . The only See also:

• RESTRAINT (from " to restrain," Lat. restringere, to hold back, prevent)

restraint on his authority was the usual See also:

• PROHIBITION (Lat. prohibere, to prevent)

prohibition to assent to any bill repealing the Act of Settlement, &c . When George V. came to the See also:

• THRONE

throne a Regency Bill was again required, as his eldest son was under age, and Queen Mary was appointed . By to Geo .

IV. c . 7 the office of regent of the See also:

• UNITED

United Kingdom cannot be held by a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic . A similar See also:

• DISABILITY

disability is imposed inmost, if not all, Regency Acts .