REMONSTRANTS  , the name given to those Dutch Protestants who, after the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• ARMINIUS
• ARMINIUS, JACOBUS (1560-1609)

Arminius (q.v.), maintained the views associated with his name, and in 1610 presented to the states of See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland and See also:

• FRIESLAND, or VRIESLAND

Friesland a " remonstrance " in five articles formulating their points of departure from stricter Calvinism . These were: (1) that the divine See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree of See also:

• PREDESTINATION (from Late Lat. praedestinare, to deter-mine beforehand; from the root sta, as in stare, stand)

predestination is conditional, not See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute; (2) that the See also:

• ATONEMENT

Atonement is in intention universal; (3) that See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man cannot of himself exercise a saving faith; (4) that though the See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace of See also:

• GOD

God is a necessary See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of human effort it does not See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act irresistibly in man; (5) that believers are able to resist See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

sin but are not beyond the possibility of falling from grace . Their adversaries (the Gomarists) met them with a " See also:

• COUNTER

counter-remonstrance," and so were known as the Counter-Remonstrants . Although the states-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general issued an See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict tolerating both parties and forbidding further dispute, the conflict continued, and the Remonstrants were assailed both by See also:

• PERSONAL

personal enemies and by the See also:

• POLITICAL

political weapons of See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

Maurice of See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange, who executed and imprisoned their leaders for holding republican views . In 1618–rg the See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod of See also:

• DORT, SYNOD OF

Dort (see DORT; SYNOD OF), the thirteen Arminian pastors headed by See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon See also:

• EPISCOPIUS, SIMON (1583–1643)

Episcopius (q.v.) being shut out, established the victory of the Calvinist school, See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew up ninety-three canonical rules, and confirmed the authority of the Belgic See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

Confession and the See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg See also:

• CATECHISM (from Gr. Karnxeiv, teach by word of mouth)

Catechism . The See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment of the synod was enforced by the deposition and in some cases the banishment of Remonstrant ministers; but the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government soon became convinced that their party was not dangerous to the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, and in 2630 they were formally allowed See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty to reside in all parts of Holland and build churches and See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools . In 1621 they had already received liberty to make a See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement in See also:

• SCHLESWIG (Dan. Slesvig)

Schleswig, where they built the See also:

• TOWN

town of Friedrichstadt . This See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony still exists . The See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of the Remonstrants was embodied in 1621 in a confessio written by Episcopius, their See also:

• GREAT

great theologian, while J . Uytenbogaert gave them a catechism and regulated their churchly See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . The Remonstrants adopted a See also:

• SIMPLE

simple synodical constitution; but their importance was henceforth more theological than ecclesiastical . Their See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary in See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam has boasted of many distinguished names—Curcellaeus, See also:

• LIMBORCH, PHILIPP VAN (1633-1712)

Limborch, See also:

• WETSTEIN (also WETTSTEIN), JOHANN JAKOB (1693-1754)

Wetstein, Le Clerc; and their liberal school of See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology, which naturally See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew more liberal and even rationalistic, reacted powerfully on the state See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church and on other See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian denominations .

The Remonstrants first received See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official recognition in 1795 . As a church they now number 27 communities with about 12,500. members, in a flourishing condition and respected for their traditions of scholarship and liberal thought . Their See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

congregation is in See also:

• ROTTERDAM

Rotterdam .