See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• BERNARD, CHARLES DE
• BERNARD, CLAUDE (1813-1878)
• BERNARD, JACQUES (1658--1718)
• BERNARD, MOUNTAGUE (1S2o—1882)
• BERNARD, SAINT
• BERNARD, SAINT (Iogo-1153)
• BERNARD, SIMON (1779—1839)
• BERNARD, SIR THOMAS, BART

BERNARD See also:

• CHARLES BERNARD RENOUVIER (1815-1903)

RENOUVIER (1815-1903)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French philosopher, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• MONTPELLIER

Montpellier on the 1st of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1818, and educated in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris at the Ecole Polytechnique . In See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LIFE

life he took an See also:

• INTEREST

interest in politics, and the approval extended by Hippolyte See also:

• CARNOT, LAZARE EIPPOLYTE (18ot-1888)
• CARNOT, MARIE FRANCOIS SADI (1837-1894)
• CARNOT, SADI NICOLAS LEONHARD (1796-1832)

Carnot to his See also:

• MANUEL, EUGENE (1823–1901)
• MANUEL, JACQUES ANTOINE (1775-1827)
• MANUEL, LOUIS PIERRE (1751-1793)

Manuel republicain de l'homme et du citoyen (1848) was the occasion of that See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister's fall . He never held public employment, but spent his life See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing, retired from the See also:

• WORLD

world . He died on the 1st of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1903 . See also:

• RENOUVIER, CHARLES BERNARD (1815-1903)

Renouvier was the first Frenchman after See also:

• MALEBRANCHE, NICOLAS (1638-1715)

Malebranche to formulate a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete idealistic See also:

• SYSTEM

system, and had a vast See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on the development of French thought . His system is based on See also:

• KANT, IMMANUEL (1724-1804)

Kant's, as his chosen See also:

• TERM

term " Neo-criticisme " indicates; but it is a trans-formation rather than a continuation of Kantianism . The two leading ideas are a dislike to the Unknowable in all its forms, and a reliance on the validity of our See also:

• PERSONAL

personal experience . The former accounts for his See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance of Kant's phenomenalism, combined with rejection of the thing in itself . It accounts, too, for his polemic on the one See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand against a Substantial Soul, a Buddhistic See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

Absolute, an See also:

• INFINITE (from Lat. in, not, finis, end or limit; cf. findere, to deave)

Infinite Spiritual Substance; on the other hand against the no less mysterious material or dynamic substratum by which naturalistic See also:

• MONISM (from Gr. µ6vos, alone)

Monism explains the world . He holds that nothing exists except presentations, which are not merely sensational, and have an See also:

• OBJECTIVE, or OBJECT GLASS

objective aspect no less than a subjective . To explain the formal organization of our experience he adopts a modified version of the Kantian categories . The insistence on the validity of personal experience leads Renouvier to a yet more important divergence from Kant in his treatment of volition .

See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

Liberty, he says, in a much wider sense than Kant, is See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man's fundamental characteristic . Human freedom acts in the phenomenal, not in an imaginary noumenal See also:

• SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere . Belief is not intellectual merely, but is determined by an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of will affirming what we hold to be morally See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good . In his religious views Renouvier makes a considerable approximation to See also:

• LEIBNITZ (LEIBNIZ), GOTTFRIED WILHELM

Leibnitz . He holds that we are rationally justified in affirming human See also:

• IMMORTALITY (Lat. in-, not, mortalis, mortal, from mors, death)

immortality and the existence of a finite See also:

• GOD

God who is to be a constitutional ruler, but not a See also:

• DESPOT (Gr. Sc-va6rgs, lord or master; the origin of the first part of the Gr. word is unknown, the second part is cognate with rbvcs, husband, Lat. potens, powerful)

despot, over the souls of men . He would, however, regard See also:

• ATHEISM (from Gr. as, privative, and Oebs, God)

atheism as preferable to a belief in an infinite Deity . His See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• WORKS

works are: Essais de critique generale (1854-64), See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science de la morale (1869), Uchronie (1876), Esquisse d'une See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification systematique See also:

• DES

des doctrines philosophiques (1885-86), Philosophic analytique de l'histoire (1896-97), Histoire et See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution des problemes metaphysiques (19ot); See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor See also:

• HUGO, GUSTAV VON (1764–1844)
• HUGO, VICTOR MARIE (1802-1885)

Hugo: Le Pate (1893), Le Philosophe (1900); See also:

• LES

Les Dilemmes de la metaphysique pure (1901); Le Personnalisme (1903) ; Critique de la See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine de Kant (1906, published by L . Prat) . See L . Prat, Les Derniers entretiens de See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Renouvier (1904) M . Ascher, Renouvier and der franzosische Neu-Kriticismus (1900) ; E . See also:

• JANSSENS (or JANSENS) VAN NUYSSEN, ABRAHAM (1567–1632)
• JANSSENS (or JANSENS), VICTOR HONORIUS (1664–1739)

Janssens, Le Neocriticisme de C .

R . (19o4); A . Darlu, La Morale de Renouvier (19o4); G . Seailles, La Philosophie de C . R . (1905); A . See also:

• ARNAL, ETIENNE (1794–1872)

Arnal, La Philosophic religieuse de C . R . (1907) .