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See also:RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to See also:search; See also:Late See also:Lat. circare, to go See also:round in a circle, to explore) , the See also:act of searching into a See also:matter closely and carefully, inquiry directed to the See also:discovery of truth, and in particular the trained scientific investigation of the principles and facts of any subject, based on See also:original and first-See also:hand study of authorities or experiment . Investigations of every See also:kind which have been based on original See also:sources of knowledge may be styled " See also:research," and it may be said that without " research " no authoritative See also:works have been written, no scientific discoveries or inventions made, no theories of any value propounded; but the word also has a somewhat restricted meaning attached to it in current usage . It is applied more particularly to the investigations of those who devote them-selves to the study of pure as opposed to applied See also:science, to the investigation of causes rather than to See also:practical experiment; thus while every surgeon or physician who treats an individual See also:case of See also:cancer may add to our sum of knowledge of the disease, the See also:body of trained investigators which is endowed by the Cancer Research Fund are working on different lines . Again, the practical See also:engineers who are See also:building aeroplanes, and those who are making practical tests by actual See also:flight in those See also:machines, cannot be called " researchers "; that See also:term should be See also:con-fined to the members, for example, of the scientific See also:committee appointed by the See also:British See also:Government in 1909 to make investigations regarding aerial construction and See also:navigation . Further, the term is particularly used of a course of See also:post-See also:graduate study at a university, for which many See also:universities have provided See also:special Research Studentships or Fellowships . These act as endowments for a specific See also:period, and are conditional on the holder devoting his See also:time to the investigation at first hand of some specified subject . |
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