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REVAL, or REVEL (Russ. Revel, formerl...

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 212 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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REVAL, or REVEL (Russ. Revel, formerly Kolyvan; Esthonian, Tallina and Tannilin)  , a fortified seaport See also:town of See also:Russia, See also:capital of See also:Esthonia, situated on a See also:bay on the S. See also:coast of the gulf of See also:Finland, 230 M . W. of St See also:Petersburg by See also:rail . See also:Pope (1900) 66,292, of whom See also:half were Esthonians and 3o% Germans . The See also:city consists of two parts—the Domberg or Dom, which occupies a See also:hill, and the See also:lower town on the See also:beach . The Dom contains the See also:castle (first built in the 13th See also:century, rebuilt in 1772), where the provincial See also:administration has its seat, and a See also:cathedral (1894–1900) with five gilded domes . It has its own administration, See also:separate from that of the lower town . The See also:church of St See also:Nicholas, built in 1317, contains many antiquities of the former See also:Roman See also:Catholic times and old See also:German paintings . The Dom church contains many interesting See also:shields, as also the See also:graves of the circumnavigator See also:Baron A . J. von See also:Krusenstern (1770-1846), of the See also:Swedish soldiers See also:Pontus de la Gardie (d . 1585) and Carl See also:Horn (d. their), and of the Bohemian See also:Protestant See also:leader See also:Count See also:Matthias von Thurn (r580-164o) . The church of St Olai, first erected in 1240, and often rebuilt, was completed in 184o in See also:Gothic See also:style; it has a See also:bell See also:tower 456 ft. high . The See also:oldest church is the Esthonian, built in 1219 .

The public institutions include a See also:

good provincial museum of antiquities; an imperial See also:palace, Katharinenthal, built by See also:Peter the See also:Great in 1719; and very valuable archives, preserved in the town See also:hall (14th century) . The pleasant situation of the town attracts thousands of See also:people for See also:sea-bathing . It is the seat of a See also:branch See also:board of the See also:Russian See also:admiralty and of the administration of the Baltic lighthouses . Its See also:port has a See also:depth of 4 to 6 fathoms, and a roadstead 31 m. wide, which freezes nearly every See also:winter . The exports consist chiefly of See also:grain, See also:timber, See also:flax, hides, See also:wool, a See also:species of See also:anchovy, and See also:hemp, and the imports of manufactured goods and machinery . The value of the aggregate See also:trade amounts to an See also:average of seven to nine millions See also:sterling annually . There is considerable trade with Finland . Baltic Port, 3o m . W., is a sort of annex to the port of See also:Reval . The high See also:Silurian See also:crag now known as Domberg was See also:early occupied by an Esthonian fort, Lindanissa . In 1219 the Danish See also:king Valdemar II. erected here a strong castle and founded the first church .. In 1228 the castle was taken by the Livonian Knights, but nine years later it returned to the Danes .

About the same See also:

time See also:Lubeck and See also:Bremen merchants settled there, and their See also:settlement became an important seaport of the Hanseatic See also:League . It was fortified early in the 14th century, and in 1343 sustained a See also:siege by the revolted Esthonians . Valdemar III. sold Reval and Esthonia to the See also:Teutonic Knights in 1346, but on the See also:dissolution of the See also:order, in 1561, Esthonia and Reval surrendered to the Swedish king Erik XIV . A great conflagration in 1433, the pestilence of 1532, the See also:bombardment by the Danes in 1569, and the Russo-Livonian See also:War, destroyed its trade . The Russians besieged Reval twice, in 1570 and 1577 . It was still an important fortress, having been enlarged and fortified by the Swedes . In 1710 it was surrendered to Peter the Great, who immediately began the erection of a military eort for his Baltic See also:fleet . His successors continued to fortify the See also:access to Reval from the sea, large See also:works being undertaken, especially in the early years of the 19th century .

End of Article: REVAL, or REVEL (Russ. Revel, formerly Kolyvan; Esthonian, Tallina and Tannilin)
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