See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

MASTER OF THE See also:

• MASTER OF THE REVELS

REVELS  3—The See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• REVELS, MASTER OF THE

Revels See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office has an interesting See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in that of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage (see also See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

DRAMA, and See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

THEATRE) . Among the expenses of the royal See also:

• WARDROBE

Wardrobe we find See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision made for tunicae and viseres in 1347 for the See also:

• CHRISTMAS (i.e. the Mass of Christ)

Christmas Judi of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward III.; during the reign of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VII. payments are also recorded for various forms of See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court revels; and it became See also:

• REGULAR

regular, apparently, to appoint a See also:

• SPECIAL

special functionary, called See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

Master of the Revels, to superintend the royal festivities, quite distinct from the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord of See also:

• MISRULE, LORD OF

Misrule (q.v.) . In Henry VII.'s See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he seems to have been a See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official of the See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household . In Henry VIII.'s time, however, the See also:

• POST

post became more important, and an officer of the Wardrobe was permanently employed to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act under the Master of the Revels . With the patent given to See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Farlyon in 1534 as See also:

• YEOMAN

Yeoman of the Revels, what may be considered as an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent office of the Revels (within the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere of the lord See also:

• CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
• CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)

chamberlain) came into being; and in 1544 See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Cawarden received a patent as . Master of the Revels, he being the first to become See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of an independent office, Magister Jocorum, Revelorum et Mascorum omnium et singularium nostrorum vulgariter nuncupatorum Revells and Masks . Cawarden was Master till 1559 . Soon after his See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment, the office and its stores were transferred to a dissolved Dominican monastery at Blackfriars, having previously been housed at See also:

• WARWICK
• WARWICK, EARLS OF
• WARWICK, RICHARD BEAUCHAMP, EARL OF (1382—1439)
• WARWICK, RICHARD NEVILLE, EARL OF (1428—1471)
• WARWICK, SIR PHILIP (1609-1683)
• WARWICK, SIR ROBERT RICH, 2ND EARL OF (1587–1658)

Warwick See also:

• INN

Inn in the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, the See also:

• CHARTERHOUSE

Charterhouse, and then at the priory of St John of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem in See also:

• CLERKENWELL

Clerkenwell, to which a return was made after Cawarden's See also:

• DEATH

death . Sir Thomas Benger succeeded Cawarden, and See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund Tylney followed him (1579-1610); it was the appointment of the latter's See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew, Sir See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• BUCK
• BUCK, CARL DARLING (1866– )
• BUCK, DUDLEY (1839-1909)

Buck, as See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy-master, with the reversion to the mastership, which led to so much repining on the See also:

• PART

part of the dramatist, John See also:

• LYLY (LILLY, or LYLIE), JOHN (1553–1606)

Lyly, who was himself a See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate . Under Tylney, the functions of Master of the Revels gradually became extended to a general censorship of the stage, which in 1624 was put directly in the hands of the lord ' There are several analogies in Jewish literature . Thus the Testaments of the XII . Patriarchs—a universalist See also:

• WORK

work—and the See also:

• BOOK

Book of See also:

• JUBILEES, BOOK OF

Jubilees—a particularistic work—are from different authors, though they are written within a few years of each other by See also:

• PHARISEES

Pharisees and use much See also:

• COMMON

common material .

Similarly with regard to the See also:

• APOCALYPSE
• APOCALYPSE (Gr. aaoKaXvti/hr, disclosure)
• APOCALYPSE, KNIGHTS OF THE

Apocalypse of See also:

• BARUCH

Baruch and 4 See also:

• EZRA (from a Hebrew word meaning " help ")
• EZRA, FOURTH BOOK (or APOCALYPSE) OF
• EZRA, THIRD BOOK OF [I Esdras]

Ezra . 2 Several converging lines of testimony tend to prove that John the son of Zebedee was, like his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James, put to death by the See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews . First, we have the See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express testimony of See also:

• PAPIAS

Papias to this effect, which is preserved in George Hamartolus and in an See also:

• EPITOME
• EPITOME (Gr. lircroui, from isrLTEµveW, to cut short)

epitome of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip of See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

Side . Attempts have been made to explain away this testimony by See also:

• LIGHTFOOT, JOHN (1602-1675)
• LIGHTFOOT, JOSEPH BARBER (1828-1889)

Lightfoot, See also:

• HARNACK, ADOLF (1851– )

Harnack, See also:

• DRUMMOND, HENRY (1786-r86o)
• DRUMMOND, HENRY (1851-1897)
• DRUMMOND, THOMAS (r797-1840)
• DRUMMOND, WILLIAM (1585-1649)

Drummond, and See also:

• BERNARD, CHARLES DE
• BERNARD, CLAUDE (1813-1878)
• BERNARD, JACQUES (1658--1718)
• BERNARD, MOUNTAGUE (1S2o—1882)
• BERNARD, SAINT
• BERNARD, SAINT (Iogo-1153)
• BERNARD, SIMON (1779—1839)
• BERNARD, SIR THOMAS, BART

Bernard (Irish See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church Quarterly, 1908, 52 sqq.) . Secondly, Papias's testimony receives support from Jesus's own words in See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

Mark x . 39; for, as See also:

• WELLHAUSEN, JULIUS (1844— )

Wellhausen remarks on this passage, " the prophecy refers not only to James but also to John; and if it had remained only See also:

• HALF

half fulfilled, it would hardly have kept its place in the See also:

• GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

Gospel." The third strand of See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence is found in the Martyrologies, Carthaginian, Armenian and Syrian . Bernard (op. cit.) has tried to prove that the Martyrologies do not imply the martyrdom but only the faithful See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness of John . Finally, See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria (Bousset, The Offenbarung, p . 38) furnishes evidence in the same direction; for in Clem . Alex . Strom. iv . 9, 71, the Gnostic See also:

• HERACLEON

Heracleon gives a See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of the Apostles who had not been martyred, and these were: " See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew, Philip, Thomas and See also:

• LEVI, HERMANN (1839-1900)
• LEVI, LEONE (1821-1888)

Levi " (corrupt for Lebbaeus) .

If we accept this evidence, the martyrdom cannot have been later than A.D . 69, and may have been considerably earlier . In either See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case such a fact, if it is a fact, is against an Apostolic origin of the Johannine writings . John the See also:

• PRESBYTER (Gr. apactObTepos, elder, the comparative of IrOo-Oas, an old man)

Presbyter is in that case " the See also:

• DISCIPLE

disciple whom Jesus loved " and the founder of the Johannine school in See also:

• ASIA

Asia Minor . But the question is still at issue . 2 The word " revel " meant properly a noisy or riotous tumult or merry-making, and is derived from 0 . Fr. reveler, to See also:

• REBEL, JOHANN PETER (176o-1826)

rebel, to See also:

• RIOT (0. Fr. riote, of uncertain etymology)

riot, make a See also:

• NOISE (a word of doubtful origin; O. Fr. nogse or nose; Prov. nausa, which points to Lat. nausea, sickness, as the origin; others take Lat. noxia, harm, as the source)

noise; See also:

• LAT

Lat. rebellare.chamberlain, thus leading to the licensing act of 1737 (see DRAMA) . See E . K . See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

Chambers, The Mediaeval Stage (1904); and his Notes on the History of the Revels Office under the Tudors (1906), with authorities quoted .